Table 6.
Association between healthy lifestyle score and the risk of comorbidity of hypertension and T2DM according to different dyslipidemia definitions.
| Healthy lifestyle score | N* | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) † | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neither | Either | Both | Either vs. Neither | Both vs. Neither | Either vs. Neither | Both vs. Neither | |
| Self-reported physician-diagnosed dyslipidemia | |||||||
| 0–2 | 59 | 121 | 48 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 144 | 292 | 111 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.43) | 0.95 (0.60, 1.49) | 0.86 (0.58, 1.28) | 0.80 (0.49, 1.32) |
| 4 | 312 | 525 | 163 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.98) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.04) | 0.55 (0.33, 0.90) |
| 5 | 269 | 245 | 74 | 0.44 (0.31, 0.63) | 0.34 (0.21, 0.54) | 0.37 (0.25, 0.57) | 0.29 (0.17, 0.50) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Every 1-point increment | 0.73 (0.66, 0.81) | 0.65 (0.57, 0.75) | 0.69 (0.62, 0.78) | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74) | |||
| Serum cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/L | |||||||
| 0–2 | 307 | 368 | 88 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 719 | 733 | 173 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.06) |
| 4 | 1,304 | 1,260 | 269 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.90) | 0.61 (0.45, 0.84) |
| 5 | 988 | 617 | 118 | 0.52 (0.43, 0.62) | 0.42 (0.31, 0.56) | 0.49 (0.39, 0.61) | 0.36 (0.25, 0.52) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Every 1-point increment | 0.81 (0.77, 0.86) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.71 (0.64, 0.79) | |||
| Serum LDL-C ≥3.4 mmol/L | |||||||
| 0–2 | 314 | 377 | 87 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 735 | 746 | 173 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.13) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.98) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.06) |
| 4 | 1,293 | 1,231 | 260 | 0.79 (0.67, 0.94) | 0.73 (0.55, 0.95) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.84) | 0.59 (0.43, 0.80) |
| 5 | 948 | 584 | 114 | 0.51 (0.43, 0.62) | 0.43 (0.32, 0.59) | 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) | 0.36 (0.25, 0.51) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Every 1-point increment | 0.81 (0.77, 0.85) | 0.76 (0.70, 0.83) | 0.77 (0.72, 0.83) | 0.70 (0.63, 0.78) | |||
| Serum HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L | |||||||
| 0–2 | 76 | 101 | 35 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 116 | 130 | 38 | 0.84 (0.57, 1.24) | 0.71 (0.41, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.51, 1.17) | 0.51 (0.28, 0.94) |
| 4 | 156 | 167 | 55 | 0.81 (0.56, 1.17) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.11) | 0.48 (0.26, 0.90) |
| 5 | 74 | 60 | 15 | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 0.44 (0.22, 0.87) | 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) | 0.23 (0.10, 0.51) |
| P for trend | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.019 | 0.001 | |||
| Every 1-point increment | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.66 (0.52, 084) | |||
| Serum Triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | |||||||
| 0–2 | 225 | 299 | 85 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3 | 408 | 479 | 141 | 0.88 (0.71, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.67, 1.25) | 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.13) |
| 4 | 615 | 762 | 212 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.09) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) |
| 5 | 382 | 325 | 72 | 0.64 (0.51, 0.80) | 0.50 (0.35, 0.71) | 0.58 (0.44, 0.77) | 0.40 (0.26, 0.61) |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Every 1-point increment | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.93) | 0.77 (0.68, 0.87) | |||
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. *N: sample size of total subjects in each healthy lifestyle score group. Neither: subjects with neither hypertension nor T2DM, both: subjects with both hypertension and T2DM; either: subjects with only one disease of the outcome. †Adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, and retirement status.