Table 1.

Study patient characteristics by country and rectal artesunate use

Background characteristic	DRC			Nigeria			Uganda
	No RAS (N=475)	RAS (N=1536)	P-value	No RAS (N=391)	RAS (N=198)	P-value	No RAS (N=2018)	RAS (N=1668)	P-value
Female, n (%)	221 (47)	719 (47)	0.91	151 (39)	86 (43)	0.26	944 (47)	781 (47)	0.98
Mean age in years (SD)	1.6 (1.3)	1.8 (1.3)	0.002	2.0 (1.2)	1.9 (1.2)	0.67	1.8 (1.3)	1.8 (1.2)	0.55
Danger sign at enrolment, n (%)
Convulsions	248 (52)	884 (58)	0.04	233 (60)	154 (78)	< 0.001	590 (29)	829 (50)	< 0.001
Unusually sleepy/unconscious	175 (37)	322 (21)	< 0.001	249 (64)	119 (60)	0.40	1239 (61)	1480 (89)	< 0.001
Not able to drink or feed	322 (68)	704 (46)	< 0.001	252 (64)	107 (54)	0.01	1152 (57)	1262 (76)	< 0.001
Vomiting everything	44 (9)	160 (10)	0.47	284 (73)	103 (52)	< 0.001	1271 (63)	1038 (62)	0.64
Enrolment location, n (%)
Community health worker	21 (4)	69 (4)		227 (58)	87 (44)		2018 (100)	1668 (100)
Primary health centre	454 (96)	1467 (96)	0.95	164 (42)	111 (56)	0.001
Area (DRC/Nigeria/Uganda), n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
Ipamu/Fufore/Kole	81 (17)	556 (36)		185 (47)	52 (26)		1303 (65)	410 (25)
Kenge/Mayo-Belwa/Oyam	207 (44)	536 (35)		150 (38)	99 (50)		398 (20)	576 (35)
Kingandu/Song/Kwania	187 (39)	444 (29)		56 (14)	47 (24)		317 (16)	682 (41)
Rainy seasona, n (%)	342 (72)	738 (48)	< 0.001	281 (72)	159 (80)	0.03	1441 (71)	868 (52)	< 0.001
RAS implementation period, n (%)
Pre-RAS	302 (64)	2 (0)		217 (55)	0 (0)		1394 (69)	47 (3)
Post-RAS	173 (36)	1534 (100)	< 0.001	174 (45)	198 (100)	< 0.001	624 (31)	1621 (97)	< 0.001

RAS Rectal artesunate

^aDRC: October–April; Nigeria: May–October; Uganda: April–October