Table 2.
Antiviral interferon-stimulated genes
| Gene | Targeted viruses | Viral life cycle | Mechanism related to antiviral activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACSL1 | ALV-J | Replication | Regulating the expression of IFN-I | [130] |
| CH25H | ALV-J, PRRSV, RABV, reovirus, SARS-CoV-2 | Replication | Producing 25-hydroxycholesterol, blocking membrane fusion, | [119, 127, 134–136] |
| IFITM1/2/3 | HIV-1; IAVs, lyssaviruses; SARS-CoV | Entry; Restrict viral membrane hemifusion |
Unknown, possibly target endocytic pathway |
[119, 137–139] |
| Mx | ALV-J, IAVs, NDV, SeV, VSV | Unknown | Unknown | [119, 131, 140] |
| OASL | ALV-J, NDV, HCV | Unknown | Unknown | [119, 129, 141] |
| PKR | Capripoxvirus, PRRSV | Replication | Unknown | [119, 142, 143] |
| ZC3HAV1 (ZAP) | NDV, PRRSV, Retrovirus | Post-entry, translation | Target viral RNA, promote RIG-I signaling | [119, 144–146] |
ALV-J Subgroup J avian leukosis virus, HCV Hepatitis C virus, IAVs Influenza A viruses; NDV Newcastle disease virus, PRRSV Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, RABV Rabies virus, SARS-CoV SARS coronavirus, SeV Sendai virus, VSV Vesicular stomatitis virus