Table 1.

Overview of important studies on renal function impairment in acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Study or author’s name	Year	Patients group	Main results
ICOPER study [27]	1999	2454	Creatinine > 177 μmol/L predicts 3-month mortality
Kostrubiec el al. [7]	2010	220	eGFR ≤ 35 mL/min in normotensive APE patients increases the risk of 30-day mortality eGFR combined with troponin level — improves the risk stratification
Kostriubiec et al. [35]	2012	142	NGAL plasma level was significantly higher in non-survivors Increase level of NGAL and cystatin C — higher rate of 30-day all-cause and pulmonary embolism-related mortality, and 180-day mortality Cystatin C — most significant predictor of death in multivariable analysis
Hestia study [28]	2013	496	APE patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min (C–G) as an indicator of in-hospital treatment
Altınsoy et al. [31]	2017	99	GFR (CKD-EPI or MDRD) with elevated troponin is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in normotensive APE GFR correlated with right ventricle dysfunction
Ho and Harahsheh [21]	2018	137	CIN risk score is significantly better than PESI in the prediction of CIN leading to dialysis PESI has the advantage of better survival prognosis
Kostrubiec et al. [6]	2019	2247	GFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (MDRD) is a risk factor of 30- and 180-day mortality GFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 enhanced the European Society of Cardiology risk stratification Lower eGFR is associated with higher occurrence of bleeding
Catella et al [30] RIETE study sub-analysis	2019	4676	Severe renal impairment is associated with higher rate of major bleedings during anticoagulation Low GFR subgroups with higher all-cause mortality

CIN — contrast-induced nephropathy; CKD-EPI — Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR — estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD — modification of diet in renal disease; NGAL — urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PESI — pulmonary embolism severity index