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In RA, emodin can promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β) and inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-1, IL-17, and IL-9), through the different signal pathways to reduce the inflammatory reaction and regulate the osteoblasts and osteoclasts to relieve the bone erosion and destruction.
