Table 2.
Types of nanoparticles and their effect on different plant viruses.
| Type of nanoparticle | Plant pathogen | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| AgNPs | Sun-hemp rosette virus | Complete suppression of disease | [68] |
| AgNPs | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) | Decreased infection | [41] |
| AgNPs | Potato virus Y | Resistance against virus infection | [56, 67] |
| AgNPs | Tomato spotted wilt virus | Decrease in infectivity and reduced local lesions | [69] |
| AgNPs | Tomato mosaic virus | Reduced disease severity and virus infection | [67] |
| Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) | Barley yellow dwarf virus | Destroyed coat protein and eliminated virus infection | [124] |
| AuNPs | Barley yellow mosaic virus | Virus particles dissociated | [125] |
| Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) | TMV | Reduction in the TMV invasion speed | [71] |
| ZnONPs | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) | Significant reduction in severity and incidence of disease | [56] |
| Titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2NPs) | Turnip mosaic virus | Decreased viral replication and infection | [115] |
| Iron dioxide NPs (Fe2O3 NPs) | Turnip mosaic virus | Effectively limits viral replication and infection | [72] |
| Fe2O3 NPs | TMV | [71] | |
| Silicon dioxide NPs (SiO2NPs) | TMV | Reduction in the speed of virus invasion | [71] |
| SiO2NPs | Papaya ringspot virus | Suppression of disease severity and virus accumulation | [116] |
| SiO2NPs | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus | Reduced disease severity and virus concentration | [126] |
| SiO2NPs | TMV | Suppression in the speed of virus invasion | [71] |