Figure 3.

Box plots showing the ANOVA results for epithelial thickness (A), epithelial cells/mm reticular basement membrane (RBM) (B), and goblet cells per mm of RBM (C) in healthy control (HC), patients with asthma COPD overlap (ACO), asthma, COPD exsmokers (COPD-ES), COPD current smokers (COPD-CS), and normal lung function smokers (NLFS). The box-and-whisker plots showing the minimum and the maximum value, the lower and the upper quartile and the horizontal line as median. P < 0.05 is significantly different. Insignificant P values are not shown in the plot. Column plot (D) showing percent contribution of goblet cells in the epithelial cell population. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.