Table 1.

Components of the enhanced demand creation strategy

Components	Enhanced demand creation
Demand creation strategy	One-on-one Human Centered Design (HCD) approach conducted by community health promotors at non-traditional targeted venues in the community
	Mobilization activities occurred selectively during the day and night in order to reach males who are difficult to access during regular daytime mobilization hours
Target population	Men ≥ 18 years, uncircumcised, and self-report one of the following risk behaviors in ≤ 6 months: (i) Treatment for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or symptoms of an STI, including current STI; (ii) participation in transactional sex (e.g., buying or selling sex for money, food, or favors); (iii) had sex with known HIV-positive primary sexual partner (as defined by the participant); (iv) had more than 2 concurrent sexual partners; (v) sexual intercourse when the participant or his partner were intoxicated; (vi) used illegal drugs (e.g., marijuana, dagga, heroin, ecstasy)
Promotional materials	HCD Flipchart and information, education and communication materials used in general VMMC demand creation activities
Mobilization platforms/channels/venues	Community engagement was targeted at population segments most likely to be at high risk of HIV exposure
	Mobilization conducted at targeted venues including at sugar plantations, fishing camps, taxi ranks, brothels, university/college campuses, bars, sports grounds, health clinics and pharmacies where men may seek treatment for STIs, and other late-night venues
Material- and non-material client compensation	Phase 1 Clients did not receive financial compensation
	Phase 2 ZMW 200 conditional on getting medically circumcised at one of the study sites within 3 months of enrolment
VMMC service delivery	Routine, comprehensive service delivery in accordance with national guidelines and global quality standards
Linkage strategies	Active follow-up of VMMC clients who were newly diagnosed with HIV was conducted for a period of 2 months to facilitate linkage and retention
	For those who presented for VMMC at a clinic and had STI symptoms, they were actively followed-up for a period of 1 month to facilitate completion of medications and VMMC surgery