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. 2022 Oct 10;13:5859. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33605-1

Fig. 3. Induction of scleral ER stress results in the development of myopia.

Fig. 3

a A single tunicamycin (Tm; 50 µg/mL) instillation induces acute IRE1, eIF2, and ATF6 activation (1 hour after instillation) determined by Western blotting (n = 4, each sample pooled 3 sclerae). b A single Tm (50 µg/mL) instillation induces acute ER stress, evaluated as CHOP mRNA expression by qPCR (n = 4 per group). DMSO group in each time point were assigned a value of 1.0. *p < 0.05 compared to each control; Student’s two-tailed t-test (Exact p values are as follows: 6 h, p = 0.017; 1 day, p = 0.024). c A single Tm (50 µg/mL) instillation induces axial elongation (n = 5 per group); **p < 0.01; Student’s two-tailed t-test (p = 0.003). d A single Tm instillation induces myopic shift in refraction (n = 5 per group); **p < 0.01; Student’s two-tailed t-test (p = 0.009). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.