Table 3.
Adjusted Odds or Risk Ratios for Potential Behavioral Mediators and Alcohol Use Among Adults with Hypertension, CARDIA, 2005–2016
|
Smoking (n = 1823†) |
Physical activity (n = 1835) |
Diet (n = 1802†) |
Medication adherence (n = 991†) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
Odds ratio (95% CI) |
Risk ratio (95% CI) |
|||||||||||
| Intermediate | Ideal | Intermediate | Ideal | Intermediate | Ideal | Adherent | ||||||||
| Average alcohol intake (drinks/day) |
0.99 (0.89, 1.09) |
0.96 (0.85, 1.08) |
0.82*** (0.77, 0.87) |
0.84*** (0.78, 0.89) |
1.06 (0.96, 1.16) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.14) |
1.10 (1.00, 1.21) |
1.07 (0.97, 1.18) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
1.15*** (1.06, 1.23) |
1.14** (1.04, 1.24) |
0.997 (0.98, 1.02) |
0.996 (0.98, 1.02) |
| Heavy episodic drinking |
1.22 (0.70, 2.12) |
0.76** (0.64, 0.91) |
1.17 (0.91, 1.50) |
1.21 (0.95, 1.55) |
1.03 (0.83, 1.38) |
1.10 (0.76, 1.59) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
|||||||
Estimates are from generalized estimating equations using multinomial logistic regression (smoking, physical activity, and diet) and modified Poisson regression (medication adherence). The reference for smoking, physical activity, and diet is poor, and the reference for adherence is non-adherent. The adherence model was estimated only among participants currently taking antihypertensive medications. All models are adjusted for center, age, sex, race, level of educational attainment, income, marital status, depressive symptoms, health insurance status, and number of coexisting chronic medical conditions. Each vertical column represents one model. Boldface indicates statistical significance
**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
†Samples are less than full because some participants were missing data on mediators