Figure 1. Longitudinal change of AS and LV hemodynamics between sexes. Longitudinal analysis using splines within mixed linear models is shown with mean and 95% confidence interval for AS and LV hemodynamics until developing AVA ≤1.0 cm² in a total of 927 patients.

AS = aortic stenosis; AVA= aortic valve area; LV = left ventricular; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; MG = mean pressure gradient; peak V = peak velocity; SV = stroke volume.

With permission from Ito S, Miranda WR, Nkomo VT, Lewis BR, Oh JK. Sex differences in LV remodeling and hemodynamics in aortic stenosis: sex-specific criteria for severe stenosis? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022;15:1175-89.¹⁴⁾