. 2022 Sep 27;13:958682. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.958682

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the preterm population.

	Total population (28⁺⁰-36⁺⁶ weeks) n = 148	Early preterm (28⁺⁰-33⁺⁶ weeks) n = 86	Late preterm (34⁺⁰-36⁺⁶ weeks) n = 62	Difference between early and late preterm *(p-value)*
Sex	M 85 (57.4%) F 63 (43.6%)	M 46 (53.5%) F 40 (46.5%)	M 39 (62.9%) F 23 (42.6%)	M 0.255 F 0.639
Birthweight	1,944.5 ± 565.7 g	1,670.4 ± 439 g	2,319.1 ± 502.9 g	< 0.001
1-min Apgar score	7.5 ± 1.6	7.0 ± 1.7	8.1 ± 1.4	< 0.001
5-min Apgar score	8.7 ± 1.0	8.4 ± 1.0	9.1 ± 1.0	< 0.001
Placental abruption	15 (10.1%)	13 (15.1%)	2 (3.2%)	0.018
Premature rupture of membranes	8 (5.4%)	6 (7.0%)	2 (3.2%)	0.315
Emergency cesarean section	105 (70.9%)	65 (75.6%)	40 (65.5%)	0.181
NICU recovery	140 (94.6%)	84 (97.7%)	56 (90.3%)	0.050
Hypoglycemia	10 (6.7%)	7 (8.1%)	3 (4.8%)	0.430
Neonatal sepsis	13 (8.8%)	9 (10.5%)	4 (6.4%)	0.386
Neonatal seizures	5 (3.4%)	3 (3.5%)	2 (3.2%)	0.921
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	88 (59.5%)	61 (71.0%)	27 (43.5%)	< 0.001
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia	1 (0.7%)	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0.511
Pneumothorax	19 (12.8%)	10 (11.6%)	9 (14.5%)	0.604
Non-invasive ventilation	97 (65.5%)	64 (74.4%)	33 (53.2%)	0.008
Invasive ventilation	29 (19.6%)	22 (25.6%)	7 (11.3%)	0.031
Steroid treatment	12 (8.1%)	13 (15.1%)	10 (16.1%)	0.869
Caffeine treatment	8 (5.4%)	6 (7.0%)	2 (3.2%)	0.315
Blood transfusion	36 (24.3%)	28 (32.5%)	8 (13.0%)	0.007
Retinopathy of prematurity	2 (1.3%)	1 (1.2%)	1 (1.6%)	0.837
Altered sleep-wake cycle	7 (4.7%)	6 (7.0%)	1 (1.6%)	0.128
Gastrointestinal disorders	20 (13.5%)	9 (10.5%)	11 (17.7%)	0.208
Pathological otoacoustic emissions	3 (2.0%)	3 (3.5%)	0 (0%)	0.138
Normal cranial ultrasound	93 (62.8%)	57 (66.3%)	36 (58.0%)	0.304
Transient flares	36 (24.3%)	19 (22.1%)	11 (17.7%)	0.512
IVH 1	9 (6.1%)	7 (8.1%)	2 (3.2%)	0.219

Data in bold are statistically significant.