Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Authors | Year | Country | Patient characteristics | Diagnosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Male/Female | Age* | Cases | Male/Female | Age* | ||||
| Abd et al. (37) | 2013 | Egypt | 37 HC | 21/16 | 50.1 ± 14.2 | 29 ATB | 17/12 | 47.7 ± 9.8 | TST |
| Alipoor et al (38) | 2019 | Iran | 25 PTB | 12/13 | 41 (15–65) | 25 ATB | 12/13 | 41 (15-65) | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, NAAT |
| Chakrabarty et al (39) | 2019 | India | 15 HC | 8/7 | 45.33 (24-72) | 15 ATB | 11/4 | 47.67 (22-73) | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, NAAT |
| Cui et al (40) | 2017 | China | 64 HC | 34/30 | 42.3 (17.41) | 128 TB | 85/43 | 43.3 (18.26) | |
| 28 DR-TB | 17/11 | 44.3 (20.29) | |||||||
| 33 DR-TB | 23/10 | 44.7 (21.09) | |||||||
| Duffy et al (41) | 2018 | South Africa, Uganda | 54 HC | 54 Progressors | Clinical signs, Culture, Radiological findings, sputum smear microscopy, TST | ||||
| Fu et al (42) | 2020 | China | 50 HC | 29/21 | 33.2 ± 6.91 | 40 LTBI | 22/18 | 31.95 ± 8.14 | quantiFERON test |
| 60 ATB | 38/22 | 32.07 ± 8.07 | Clinical signs, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture | ||||||
| Fu et al (43) | 2011 | China | 55 HC | 35/20 | 39.05 ± 19.72 | 75 ATB | 48/27 | 43.88 ± 21.04 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture |
| Latorre et al (44) | 2015 | Spain | 16 HC | 6/10 | 36.63 ± 8.42 | 17 LTBI | 10/7 | 36.82 ± 8.77 | TST, IGRA |
| 17 ATB | 11/6 | 38.94 ± 15.44 | Culture | ||||||
| Kathirvel et al (45) | 2020 | India | 30 HC | 21/9 | 10 (7-12) | 30 ATB | 18/12 | 8 (3.8-11) | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, NAAT |
| Miotto et al (46) | 2013 | Italy, Uganda, Tanzania | 28 HC | 28 ATB | Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, NAAT | ||||
| Ndzi et al (47) | 2018 | Cameroon | 42 HC | 13/29 | 27 ± 7 | 35 LTBI | 8/27 | 34 ± 11 | QuantiFERON test |
| 83 ATB | 57/26 | 33 ± 12 | Clinical signs, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture |
||||||
| Qi et al (48) | 2012 | China | 65 HC | 35/30 | 45.3 ± 20.9 | 30 ATB | 18/12 | 44 ± 14.2 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture |
| Tu et al (49) | 2019 | China | 41 HC | 20/21 | 38.28 ± 10.25 | 60 ATB | 24/36 | 37.5 ± 15.44 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture |
| Wagh et al (50) | 2016 | India | 30 HC | 18/12 | 28.71 ± 6.34 | 30 ATB | 25/5 | 32.46 ± 12.03 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture |
| Wang et al (51) | 2018 | China | 48 HC | 26/22 | 32 ± 8.7 | 97 ATB | 52/45 | 35 ± 6.3 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, Biochip test |
| Wang et al (52) | 2015 | China | 60 HC | 35/25 | 2-11 | 65 ATB | 38/27 | 1-10 | |
| Wu et al (53) | 2011 | China | 19 HC | 11/8 | 37 (23-56) | 21 ATB | 16/5 | 49 (21-85) | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, IGRA: QFT-GIT, T-SPOT.TB |
| Ying et al (54) | 2020 | China | 32 Pneumonia | 19/13 | 56.9 ± 29.4 | 68 ATB | 39/29 | 46.8 ± 28.3 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, ELISpot |
| 28 Lung cancer | 18/10 | 61.5 ± 20.6 | |||||||
| 12 Unexplained pulmonary nodules | 3/9 | 41.8 ± 17.6 | |||||||
| 50 HC | 25/25 | 52.4 ± 14.7 | |||||||
| Zhang et al (55) | 2019 | China | 20 HC | 20 ATB | |||||
| Zhang et al (56) | 2013 | China | 88 HC | 65/23 | 48 (24-67) | 108 ATB | 73/35 | 45 (14-62) | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, TST |
| 30 Lung cancer | 23/7 | 57 (30-69) | |||||||
| 30 Pneumonia | 16/14 | 43 (23-64) | |||||||
| 30 COPD | 13/17 | 68 (57-80) | |||||||
| Zhou et al (57) | 2016 | China | 24 HC | 28 ATB | 16/12 | Clinical signs, Radiological findings, Sputum smear microscopy, Culture, NAAT, TST, IGRA | |||
HC, Healthy Control; ATB, Active TB; LTBI, Latent Tuberculosis; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; TST, Tuberculin Skin Test; IGRA, Interferon Gamma Release Assay; QFT-GIT, QuantiFERON Gold-In-Tube; ELISpot, Enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot; NAAT, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test; *Age is given as either mean ± SD or mean (range) or mean (SD) as reported in each study.