Table 1.

¹H MRS in PTSD Study Design Consideration of Psychiatric Comorbidities.

Study Design Consideration		N	Citations
No exclusion from PTSD group due to non-substance-related psychiatric condition other than dementia		8	60–67
	No reported evaluation for psychiatric comorbidity	3	60,65,67
	PTSD participants reported current or past mood or anxiety disorders	3	61,62,66
	PTSD participants no difference from control in depression or overall psychopathology	1	64
	PTSD participants trend to greater depression symptoms but not state-trait anxiety than control	1	63
Exclusion from PTSD group due to ≥1 past and/or current non-substance-related psychiatric condition other than dementia		24	54,56,58,59,68–87
	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and/or psychotic disorder	11	59,68,70–72,76,77,79–82
	Psychiatric disorder including major depression	5	58,78,84,85,87
	Axis 1 disorder including major depression	3	56,74,75
	Psychiatric disorder excluding major depression	2	54,83
	Axis 1 disorder excluding major depression	2	73,86
	Autism	2	69,70
	Suicidal intention	2	76,77
	Anorexia	1	70
	Antisocial or borderline personality disorder	1	75
Documented past and/or current comorbidities in PTSD group		18	56,59,61,62,66,69–71,73,75–80,82,83,87
	Major depression	13	61,62,66,70,71,73,75,78–80,82,83,87
	PTSD higher depression scores than control	4	66,69,76,77
	PTSD higher anxiety scores than control	3	69,76,77
	Panic disorder	5	61,62,66,75,78
	Generalized anxiety disorder	2	61,75
	Social phobia	2	61,75
	Somatoform disorder	1	75
	Oppositional defiant disorder	1	70
	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)	1	70
	Borderline personality disorder	1	59
	Dysthymia	1	61
	Specific phobia	1	61
	Depersonalization disorder	1	61
	Separation anxiety disorder	1	56

¹H MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder.