Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the 4 Groups of Patients Defined by Shunt Size and Presence or Absence of an ASAa.
| Characteristic | Missing, No. | Small shunt | Large shunt | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without ASA (n = 1317) | With ASA (n = 541) | Without ASA (n = 955) | With ASA (n = 573) | |||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 12 | 45.1 (37.9-52) | 48.5 (41.7-53.8) | 45.3 (37.4-52) | 49 (41.7-55) | <.001 |
| Male | 0 | 687 (52.2) | 288 (53.2) | 561 (58.7) | 333 (58.1) | .006 |
| Female | 0 | 630 (47.8) | 253 (46.8) | 394 (41.3) | 240 (41.9) | |
| Prior MI | 0 | 12 (0.9) | 6 (1.1) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | .08 |
| Diabetes | 0 | 92 (7.0) | 28 (5.2) | 38 (4.0) | 33 (5.8) | .02 |
| Hypertension | 0 | 357 (27.1) | 170 (31.4) | 202 (21.2) | 132 (23.0) | <.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0 | 530 (40.2) | 222 (41.0) | 264 (27.6) | 198 (34.6) | <.001 |
| Prior stroke or TIA | 0 | 253 (19.2) | 93 (17.2) | 117 (12.3) | 75 (13.1) | <.001 |
| Smoking status | 1 | 248 (18.8) | 99 (18.3) | 224 (23.5) | 103 (18.0) | .01 |
| Index event (stroke vs TIA) | 2 | 1203 (91.4) | 469 (86.9) | 940 (98.4) | 557 (97.2) | <.001 |
| Superficial infarction on neuroimaging (present vs absent) | 771 | 594 (67.1) | 263 (70.7) | 591 (69.2) | 378 (75.0) | .02 |
| Initial class of antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet vs anticoagulant) | ||||||
| Antiplatelet alone | 51 | 1060 (81.5) | 420 (78.9) | 762 (81.2) | 415 (73.6) | <.001 |
| Anticoagulant alone | 128 (9.8) | 67 (12.6) | 155 (16.5) | 120 (21.3) | ||
| Antiplatelet + anticoagulant | 99 (7.6) | 38 (7.1) | 18 (1.9) | 25 (4.4) | ||
| None | 13 (1) | 7 (1.3) | 4 (0.4) | 4 (0.7) | ||
| RoPE score (9-point nonradiology) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 13 | 6 (5-7) | 6 (5-7) | 6 (6-7) | 6 (5-7) | <.001 |
| Mean (SD) | 6.3 (1.5) | 6.1 (1.3) | 6.4 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.3) | ||
Abbreviations: ASA, atrial septal aneurysm; MI, myocardial infarction; RoPE, Risk of Paradoxical Embolism; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Missing (shunt size or ASA) n = 354.