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. 2022 Sep 27;10:981173. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.981173

TABLE 1.

Summary of mulberroside A metabolites in vivo and in vitro of rats.

Peak t R/min Ion mode Formula [M-H] Theoretical Mass (m/z) Experimental Mass (m/z) RDB Error (ppm) MS/MS fragment ions Identification/Reactions PS PM PA U F L LM Max. Peak area
M0 8.18 N C26H31O14 567.1708 567.1707 11.5 −0.197 243.06(100.00), 567.17(27.20), 405.12(22.51), 225.05(10.57), 199.08(7.11), 175.07(5.26) Mulberroside A 1.53E+06 (PM)
M1* 5.55 N C12H13O8 285.0605 285.0607 6.5 0.618 109.03(100.00), 113.02(61.96), 285.06(38.68), 175.02(18.76) β-D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid 3-Hydroxyphenyl 2.53E+08 (U)
M2 7.72 N C26H31O15 583.1652 583.1658 11.5 0.143 259.06(100.00), 583.17(45.98), 421.11(32.65), 215.07(2.51) hydroxylation 2.08E+06 (LM)
M3 7.98 N C26H29O15 581.1501 581.1499 12.5 -0.338 581.15(100.00), 243.06(52.49), 225.05(6.60) hydrolysis 2.25E+06 (PS)
glucuronidation
M4 8.18 N C26H33O18S 665.1382 665.1384 10.5 0.239 96.96(100.00), 243.07(5.60), 567.17(4.23), 665.15(3.58), 405.12(0.52) hydrogenation 3.58E+07 (U)
hydroxylation
sulfation
M5 8.19 N C27H33O16 613.1763 613.1750 11.5 -2.155 243.07(100.00), 567.17(43.17), 225.05(7.89), 405.12(6.46), 435.56(0.28), 448.96(0.28) dihydroxylation 5.81E+05 (PS)
methylation
M6 8.20 N C26H31O15 583.1652 583.1658 11.5 -1.314 259.06(100.00), 421.11(55.47), 583.17(39.04), 241.05(18.86) hydroxylation 8.12E+06 (LM)
M7 8.20 N C26H31O16 599.1607 599.1602 11.5 -0.736 137.02(100.00), 599.16(57.05), 125.02(50.33), 437.11(45.05), 275.06(25.62) dihydroxylation 3.98E+06 (LM)
M8 8.20 N C20H21O11 437.1078 437.1079 10.5 0.042 137.02(100.00), 437.11(72.57), 257.04(56.49), 275.05(30.75) hydrolysis 3.16E+06 (LM)
dihydroxylation
M9 8.24 N C26H33O16 601.1763 601.1769 10.5 1.046 137.02(100.00), 243.07(42.31), 601.18(33.69), 567.17(20.17), 439.12(13.78) hydrogenation 2.73E+06 (LM)
dihydroxylation
M10 8.29 N C21H21O10 433.1129 433.1125 11.5 -1.000 313.07(100.00), 433.11(84.30), 343.08(36.15), 257.08(17.32), 243.07(10.86) hydrolysis 1.39E+07 (F)
methylation
glucuronidation
M11 8.43 N C26H29O16 597.1450 597.1450 12.5 0.015 597.14(100.00), 421.11(99.27), 245.08(21.33), 175.02(22.04), 135.04(9.32), 243.06(7.70), 157.01(3.09) hydrolysis 5.97E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
bis-glucuronidation
M12 8.52 N C20H17O10 417.0816 417.0803 12.5 −3.268 417.17(100.00), 197.13(7.56), 241.12(7.42) hydrolysis 3.16E+04 (F)
dehydrogenation
glucuronidation
M13 8.57 N C26H31O15 583.1658 583.1650 11.5 −1.212 583.17(100.00), 245.01(27.22), 421.11(1.19) hydrolysis 8.16E+06 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
M14 8.62 N C32H39O21 759.1978 759.1960 13.5 −2.364 421.11(100.00), 245.08(9.61), 175.02(7.66), 135.04(3.69), 109.03(3.24), 583.47(0.27) hydrolysis 8.17E+06 (U)
hydrogenation
bis-glucuronidation
M15 8.76 N C26H27O16 595.1294 595.1291 13.5 −0.455 419.10(100.00), 595.13(76.29), 243.07(75.87), 175.02(18.03) hydrolysis 1.02E+08 (U)
bis-glucuronidation
M16 8.77 N C26H29O15 581.1501 581.1495 12.5 −0.958 581.15(100.00), 243.07(73.83), 405.12(3.42), 225.05(4.57) Hydrolysis 2.86E+06 (PS)
Glucuronidation
M17 8.80 N C20H19O13S 499.0541 499.0544 11.5 0.706 499.05(100.00), 243.07(85.68), 323.02(55.07), 225.05(11.54), 419.09(10.13) Hydrolysis 1.29E+06 (PM)
Glucuronidation
sulfation
M18 8.83 N C20H21O13S 501.0697 501.0696 10.5 −0.315 501.07(68.38), 421.11(28.50), 325.04(100.00), 245.08(27.22) hydrolysis 4.92E+06 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
sulfation
M19 8.84 N C26H29O16 597.1450 597.1448 12.5 −0.286 597.14(93.54), 421.11(77.15), 245.08(20.01), 175.02(20.91), 135.04(9.39), 243.07(7.15), 157.01(2.96) hydrolysis 1.26E+08 (U)
hydrogenation
bis-glucuronidation
M20 8.94 N C26H29O16 597.1450 597.1450 12.5 0.015 597.14(100.00), 421.11(58.07), 245.08(14.71), 175.02(13.24), 135.04(6.56), 157.01(2.30), 243.07(2.11) hydrolysis 9.58E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
bis-glucuronidation
M21 8.96 N C14H15O8 311.0761 311.0767 7.5 1.659 113.02(100.00), 175.02(22.38), 135.04(8.38), 311.08(8.25) isomer of 6-(4-Ethenyl-2-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 1.10E+07 (U)
M22 9.19 N C20H21O10 421.1129 421.1131 10.5 0.491 421.11(100.00), 175.02(19.29), 245.08(8.78), 135.04(8.06) hydrolysis 2.52E+09 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
M23 9.25 N C26H27O16 595.1294 595.1292 13.5 −0.355 419.10(100.00), 243.06(44.01), 595.13(36.57), 225.05(8.28), 175.02(7.61) hydrolysis 3.85E+06 (PA)
bis-glucuronidation
M24 9.28 N C20H19O13S 499.0541 499.0541 11.5 −0.075 243.07(100.00), 323.02(87.60), 499.05(81.02), 419.10(17.67), 225.05(10.32) hydrolysis 2.94E+05 (PM)
glucuronidation
sulfation
M25 9.29 N C26H29O15 581.1501 581.1500 12.5 −0.132 581.15(100.00), 243.07(75.56), 405.12(3.07), 225.05(7.90) hydrolysis 7.62E+06 (PS)
glucuronidation
M26 9.31 N C26H27O16 595.1294 595.1295 13.5 0.166 419.10(100.00), 243.07(53.02), 595.13(36.30), 175.02(9.17), 225.05(6.28) hydrolysis 3.97E+08 (U)
bis-glucuronidation
M27 9.35 N C26H31O14 567.1708 567.1707 11.5 −0.321 243.07(100.00), 405.12(47.37), 225.05(10.26), 199.07(5.95), 175.07(4.86), 567.17(3.04) isomer of Mulberroside A 2.20E+06 (PS)
M28 9.35 N C26H33O18S 665.1382 665.1390 10.5 1.156 96.96(100.00), 243.07(8.96), 405.12(5.44), 665.15(4.77), 567.17(1.44) hydroxylation 3.60E+06 (L)
hydrogenation
Sulfation
M29 9.35 N C27H33O16 613.1763 613.1757 11.5 −0.964 243.07(100.00), 405.12(44.79), 567.17(14.36), 225.05(6.33), 199.08(4.35) dihydroxylation 1.64E+06 (PS)
methylation
M30 9.37 N C20H21O13S 501.0697 501.0700 10.5 0.603 501.07(61.80), 421.11(22.27), 325.04(100.00), 245.08(24.44) hydrolysis 7.60E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
Sulfation
M31 9.46 N C20H21O12S 485.0748 485.0748 10.5 -0.048 485.07(87.69), 405.12(2.81), 323.02(7.96), 243.07(100.00), 225.05(11.22), 175.07(6.22), 199.07(5.45), 181.06(4.47) hydrolysis 1.29E+06 (U)
Sulfation
M32 9.54 N C20H21O13S 501.0697 501.0700 10.5 0.424 501.07(58.15), 421.11(23.10), 325.04(100.00), 245.08(25.85) hydrolysis 6.59E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
sulfation
M33 9.61 N C20H19O13S 499.0541 499.0545 11.5 0.826 243.06(100.00), 323.02(84.23), 499.05(71.06), 419.10(30.24), 225.05(5.80) hydrolysis 2.70E+05 (PM)
glucuronidation
sulfation
M34 9.68 N C20H19O10 419.0973 419.0973 11.5 -0.031 419.10(100.00), 243.06(51.26), 175.02(17.18), 225.05(11.88), 199.07(9.79) hydrolysis 5.51E+07 (PS)
glucuronidation
M35 9.72 N C20H21O13S 501.0697 501.0698 10.5 0.044 501.07(62.29), 421.11(33.75), 325.04(100.00), 245.08(26.83) hydrolysis 2.74E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
sulfation
M36 9.80 N C20H19O13S 499.0541 499.0544 11.5 0.526 243.07(100.00), 323.02(86.92), 499.05(39.50), 419.10(18.18), 225.05(2.46) hydrolysis 1.01E+06 (PM)
glucuronidation
sulfation
M37 9.82 N C20H21O10 421.1129 421.1129 10.5 -0.008 421.11(100.00), 175.02(20.18), 245.08(8.93), 243.07(2.49) hydrolysis 7.85E+09 (U)
hydrogenation
glucuronidation
M38 9.83 N C20H19O9 403.1024 403.1034 11.5 2.633 403.20(100.00), 245.08(8.58), 135.04(7.70), 175.02(3.61) hydrolysis 5.32E+06 (U)
dehydroxylation
glucuronidation
M39 9.83 N C20H19O11 435.0922 435.0913 11.5 -2.017 193.03(100.00), 175.02(5.76), 259.06(4.62), 157.01(3.55), 435.09(2.37) Hydrolysis 2.14E+07 (U)
hydroxylation
glucuronidation
M40 9.83 N C20H21O11 437.1078 437.1073 10.5 -1.230 437.11(100.00), 261.08(36.71), 175.02(20.83), 243.07(6.55) Hydrolysis 1.93E+07 (U)
Hydration
glucuronidation
M41 10.00 N C21H23O10 435.1286 435.1271 10.5 -3.363 193.03(100.00), 435.14(15.35), 175.02(3.27), 157.01(3.16), 403.18(1.07), 241.10(0.55), 417.18(0.40) Hydrolysis 1.20E+05 (F)
hydroxylation
Methylation
M42* 10.03 N C14H13O7S 325.0377 325.0376 8.5 -0.153 325.04(100.00), 245.08(17.31), 135.04(11.00), 243.06(6.19) hydrolysis 3.70E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
sulfation
M43 10.07 N C20H19O10 419.0973 419.0973 11.5 0.112 419.10(100.00), 243.06(54.06), 175.02(28.47), 199.07(13.35), 225.05(11.16) hydrolysis 8.03E+06 (PS)
glucuronidation
M44 10.21 N C20H19O10 419.0973 419.0973 11.5 0.040 419.10(100.00), 243.06(78.98), 175.02(34.79), 225.05(16.89), 199.07(11.06) hydrolysis 1.34E+07 (PS)
glucuronidation
M45* 10.23 N C14H13O7S 325.0377 325.0378 8.5 0.400 325.04(100.00), 245.08(19.99), 135.04(12.68), 243.06(5.92) hydrolysis 8.45E+07 (U)
hydrogenation
sulfation
M46 10.28 N C20H19O13S 499.0541 499.0540 11.5 -0.256 243.07(100.00), 323.02(71.89), 419.10(60.92), 499.05(48.22), 225.05(9.32) hydrolysis 6.55E+06 (U)
glucuronidation
sulfation
M47 10.44 N C20H19O9 403.1024 403.1023 11.5 -0.245 403.20(100.00), 227.07(29.95), 175.02(8.58), 113.02(45.99) hydrolysis 2.98E+06 (U)
dehydroxylation
glucuronidation
M48* 10.48 N C14H11O7S 323.0220 323.0221 9.5 0.279 243.06(100.00), 323.02(89.74), 225.05(17.97), 199.07(17.37), 175.07(16.90) hydrolysis 1.44E+07 (PS)
sulfation
M49* 10.57 N C14H9O4 241.0495 241.0490 10.5 -2.096 241.14(100.00), 223.13(31.09), 179.11(19.87), 197.12(11.82) Hydrolysis 6.06E+03 (PS)
Dehydrogenation
M50* 10.64 N C14H13O4 245.0808 245.0813 8.5 1.773 203.08(90.41), 123.04(81.08), 245.09(68.29), 227.13(6.47), 159.09(5.34) Hydrolysis 1.05E+06 (PS)
Hydrogenation
M51 10.79 N C21H21O10 433.1129 433.1129 11.5 -0.169 243.06(100.00), 225.05(17.49), 257.08(16.68), 373.09(15.74), 433.11(13.36), 403.10(1.65) Hydrolysis 2.82E+06 (PS)
Methylation
Glucuronidation
M52 10.84 N C20H21O9 405.1180 405.1180 10.5 -0.145 405.12(46.47), 229.09(32.19), 175.02(32.02),157.01(4.20), 225.15(1.84) Oxyresveratrol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 1.98E+08 (U)
M53 10.90 N C27H31O14 579.1708 579.1706 12.5 -0.418 271.06(100.00), 579.17(35.34), 227.07(2.63), 175.00(2.47) dehydrogenation 7.60E+05 (PS)
methylation
M54 10.92 N C28H33O16 625.1763 625.1758 12.5 -0.850 271.06(100.00), 579.17(49.37), 300.03(7.16), 315.05(3.06), 330.07(2.99) hydroxylation 3.41E+07 (L)
acetylation
M55 10.96 N C21H21O10 433.1129 433.1127 11.5 -0.585 243.06(94.52), 433.11(80.16), 257.08(60.10), 175.02(27.25), 373.09(8.98) hydrolysis 7.89E+05 (PS)
methylation
glucuronidation
M56 11.14 N C14H9O7S 321.0064 321.0066 10.5 0.655 241.05(24.05), 321.01(14.51), 124.01(13.46), 243.06(5.76) hydrolysis 1.52E+06 (U)
dehydrogenation
sulfation
M57 11.25 N C28H33O15 609.1814 609.1805 12.5 -1.505 301.07(100.00), 609.18(18.73), 286.05(10.54), 242.06(6.48), 463.12(0.26) acetylation 2.38E+08 (LM)
M58 11.35 N C20H19O9 403.1024 403.1018 11.5 -1.286 113.02(100.00), 403.10(37.33), 227.07(52.42), 175.02(47.17) hydrolysis 2.25E+06 (PS)
dehydroxylation
glucuronidation
M59 11.38 N C20H21O9 405.1180 405.1177 10.5 -0.811 405.12(100.00), 113.02(53.69), 229.09(45.46), 175.02(16.66) Oxyresveratrol-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 8.43E+07 (U)
M60 11.39 N C28H35O14 595.2021 595.2017 11.5 -0.692 297.10(100.00), 175.02(8.91), 157.01(1.65), 419.09(0.51), 449.32(0.38) dimethylation 1.59E+08 (U)
M61* 11.43 N C16H15O4 271.0965 271.0964 9.5 -0.278 271.15(100.00), 225.11(14.23), 197.12(7.25), 167.11(32.05), 137.10(10.95) hydrolysis 7.56E+05 (F)
dimethylation
M62 11.54 N C20H23O10 423.1286 423.1283 9.5 -0.717 423.27(100.00), 175.02(29.80), 201.02(28.97), 247.10(16.94), 263.17(3.76) hydrolysis 2.00E+06 (PS)
hydrogenation
hydroxylation
M63 11.85 N C20H23O9 407.1337 407.1353 9.5 4.056 407.17(91.79), 201.11(7.99), 137.10(2.85), 227.13(1.82), 245.19(0.70) hydrolysis 1.34E+06 (L)
hydrogenation
M64 12.06 N C20H23O10 423.1286 423.1285 9.5 -0.291 423.27(100.00), 421.26(45.89), 175.02(9.52), 405.26(6.22) Hydrolysis 1.82E+06 (PS)
hydrogenation
hydroxylation
M65 12.28 N C21H21O10 433.1129 433.1126 11.5 -0.862 257.08(100.00), 433.11(86.14), 175.02(28.10), 242.06(1.94) Hydrolysis 2.62E+07 (PS)
methylation
glucuronidation
M66 13.01 N C20H23O10 423.1286 423.1286 9.5 -0.008 423.27(100.00), 421.26(18.72), 175.02(2.65), 405.26(0.98) Hydrolysis 3.23E+06 (PS)
hydrogenation
hydroxylation
M67 13.13 N C26H33O14 569.1865 569.1871 10.5 1.138 569.33(100.00), 407.28(17.04), 389.27(4.56), 551.32(1.21) hydrogenation 7.90E+04 (F)
M68 13.19 N C20H23O10 423.1286 423.1282 9.5 -0.953 423.14(100.00), 421.26(85.61), 247.13(14.76), 175.02(8.46), 245.12(2.36) hydrolysis
hydrogenation
hydroxylation
3.74E+04 (U)
M69 13.63 N C14H11O8S 339.0169 339.0176 9.5 1.963 339.18(100.00), 259.11(11.96) hydrolysis 2.64E+04 (U)
hydroxylation
sulfation
M70* 14.30 N C14H11O4 243.0652 243.0651 9.5 -0.392 243.17(100.00), 199.18(31.85), 225.05(2.25), 201.05(1.38) Oxyresveratrol 1.80E+06 (PS)
M71 14.70 N C20H23O10 423.1286 423.1282 9.5 -0.882 423.27(100.00), 407.28(10.68), 421.26(5.80), 405.26(4.50) hydrolysis 5.85E+04 (U)
hydrogenation
hydroxylation

PS, plasma treated by SPE; PM, plasma treated by methanol; PA, plasma treated by acetonitrile; U, urine; F, feces; L, liver tissue; LM, liver microsome; √, detected; *, components in Table 2.