TABLE 1.
Study population characteristics.
| Maternal characteristics (n = 170) | |
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 31 (6) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian | 66 (39) |
| Māori | 20 (12) |
| Asian | 54 (32) |
| Pasifika | 27 (15) |
| Other | 3 (2) |
| New Zealand Deprivation Index | |
| Q1 (1,2) | 27 (16) |
| Q2 (3,4) | 39 (23) |
| Q3 (5,6) | 24 (14) |
| Q4 (7,8) | 30 (18) |
| Q5 (9,10) | 40 (29) |
| Education level | |
| Secondary education or lower | 51 (30) |
| Post-secondary education | 30 (18) |
| Tertiary education (university degree or higher) | 89 (52) |
| Number of samples at each time point | |
| Day 5 | 149 (42) |
| Day 10 | 140 (39) |
| 4 months | 65 (18) |
| Pregnancy characteristics (n = 170) | |
| Antenatal steroid course | |
| None | 35 (21) |
| Incomplete (first dose <24 h from birth) | 38 (22) |
| Complete | 97 (57) |
| Maternal diabetes | 35 (21) |
| Caesarean section | 101 (59) |
| Maternal BMI at 4 months (n = 134) | |
| Healthy (BMI ≤24.9 Kg/m2) | 53 (40) |
| Overweight (BMI 25-29.9 Kg/m2) | 32 (23) |
| Obese (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2) | 49 (37) |
| Infant characteristics (n = 191) | |
| Boys | 109 (57%) |
| Gestational age, weeks (median, IQR) | 33 (32–35) |
| Moderate preterm (32+0 to 33+6 weeks’ gestation) | 100 (52%) |
| Size at birth | |
| SGA | 24 (12) |
| AGA | 160 (84) |
| LGA | 7 (4) |
| Twins/Triplets | 50 (26) |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 22 (11) |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated. Q, quintile of social deprivation; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; SGA, small-for-gestational age; AGA, appropriate-for-gestational age; LGA, large-for-gestational age.