TABLE 1.

Literature review of reported cases of cervical calcinosis associated with scleroderma/systemic sclerosis

Authors & Year	Sex	Age (yrs)	Preoperative Symptoms	Imaging Findings	Surgical Intervention	Outcome
Durant et al., 200114	M	48	Unknown	C3 on C4 subluxation, C3–4 pst element calcinosis, spinal cord compression	Cervical laminectomies (unknown levels), pst spine fusion (unknown levels)	Unknown
Olsen & Chew, 200415	F	75	Torticollis	Calcinosis of rt C2–4 facet joint, paraspinous region, & transverse process; calcinosis mass extending to anterior cervical muscle space at C2–4 levels compromising the esophagus	“Excision of the mass”	Unknown
Khan et al., 200522	F	64	Neck pain, acute quadriparesis	Calcification of cervical ligamentum flavum (unknown levels)	C3–7 laminectomies, C2–7 pst fusion	Resolution of neck pain, improved strength
*Lima et al., 200623	F	51	Weakness	Calcification of C4–T1 PLL, “medullar compression”	Cervical & thoracic laminectomies (unknown levels)	Unknown
*Smucker et al., 200624	M	60	Neck pain, hand dysfunction, gait difficulty	C2–3 subluxation	Halo, C3 corpectomy & anterior fusion, C1–4 pst onlay fusion	Unknown
	F	59	Neck pain	C4–5 destructive lesion involving pst elements	C3–7 pst fusion	Unknown
	F	73	Neck pain, hand dysfunction	Multiple cervical levels of listhesis	C2–T2 pst fusion, anterior C3–T1 fusion	Unknown
		Carlson et al., 200725	F	39	Bilat upper extremity weakness, quadriparesis, monoplegia	Rt C4–5 facet joint calcinosis involving spinal canal causing canal narrowing	C4–5 corpectomies	Improved bilat upper extremity strength
*Tuy et al., 200826	F	50s	Neck pain	Rt C2–3 pst element calcinosis mass w/ encroachment into spinal canal	Removal of lesion	Symptom-free
Shoji et al., 201127	F	34	Occipital headache	Calcinosis around odontoid process, dislocation odontoid process due to basilar invagination w/ compression of medulla	Halo, occipitocervical pst fusion & instrumentation	Resolution of headaches, symptom-free
Lebl et al., 201328	F	63	Neck pain, limited neck range of motion	Bilat multiple cervical facet joint calcinosis (unknown levels)	None	NA
Al-Khudairi et al., 201530	F	62	Bilat arm & leg weakness & numbness, myelopathy	C3 on C4 anterolisthesis, lt C3 lateral mass destruction w/ calcinosis, lt C4 lateral mass destruction, narrowing of C2 foramen transversarium, perched rt C3 on C4 facet	C3–4 laminectomies, reduction of C3–4 listhesis, C2–6 pst spine fusion & instrumentation	Residual paresthesias of rt hand & elbow
Sambataro et al., 201510	M	62	Neck pain	Lt C4–5, C5–6 facet & lateral mass calcinosis, paraspinous region calcinosis	“Surgical excision of the mass”	Unknown
Nakamura et al., 201629	F	74	Neck pain, bilat upper extremity numbness	Calcinosis of bilat C1–2 facet joints	“Debulking of tissue,” reconstruction of C1–2 area	Resolution of neck pain & arm numbness, symptom-free
Nguyen et al., 201621	F	57	Bilat hands, arms & legs numbness & weakness, gait imbalance, falls, myelopathy, incontinence	Calcinosis of pst elements C4/5 Subluxation C4 on C5, spinal cord compression due to dorsal epidural calcified mass C4–5, spinal cord edema C3–6, rt C2–3 facet joint calcinosis, bilat C4–5 facet joint calcinosis	C4–7 laminectomies, C3–T1 pst spine fusion & instrumentation	Improved strength, improved bowel/bladder function
Tan et al., 201613	F	79	Shortness of breath	C3–5 paraspinous calcinosis masses, no spinal cord compression, L3–5 paraspinous masses	None	NA
Motegi et al., 201731	F	54	Neck pain, bilat arm weakness & numbness	C4–5 dorsal epidural tumoral calcinosis, bilat C3–4 facet calcinosis	Resection of calcification	Symptom-free
Logothetis et al., 201812	M	67	Neck pain, palpable neck mass	Rt C3–4 facet joint calcinosis mass, no spinal cord compression	None	NA
Karschnia et al., 201811	F	58	Bilat hand weakness & dysesthesias, gait dysfunction, upper abdomen band-like pain	Bilat C4–5, C5–6 facet joint calcinosis; C4–6 lamina replacement w/ calcinosis; paraspinous calcinosis; central stenosis C4–6 w/ T2 cord signal change C4–5; anterolisthesis C4 on C5	C4–5 laminectomies	Residual weakness of intrinsic hand muscles, dysesthesias of hands, improvement of pain
Current case, 2021	F	62	Central cord syndrome, initial quadriplegia then improved to bilat upper & lower extremity weakness	Spondylolisthesis C3 on C4, C5 on C6, C6 on C7; C3–5 dorsal epidural calcinosis mass causing severe canal stenosis & spinal cord compression; bilat C2–3 & C7–T1 facet joint calcinosis	C3–5 laminectomies, C2–7 pst fusion & instrumentation	Resolution of symptoms

NA = not available; PLL = posterior longitudinal ligament; pst = posterior.

^*Data from secondary source.