Table 1. Participant Characteristics at Time of Fracture by Multimorbidity Clusters.
| Characteristics | Multimorbidity disease clustera | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 95 372) | Women (n =212 498) | ||||||||
| Low multimorbidity | Cardiovascular | Diabetic | Malignant | Hepatic and/or inflammatoryb | Low multimorbidity | Cardiovascular | Diabetic | Malignant | |
| All | 57 711 (60.5) | 22 589 (23.7) | 5315 (5.6) | 4907 (5.1) | 4850 (5.1) | 141 222 (66.5) | 49 932 (23.5) | 10 697 (5.0) | 10 647 (5.0) |
| Age at fracture, mean (SD), y | 70.2 (11.3) | 78.2 (9.8) | 72.0 (9.3) | 72.8 (9.4) | 70.6 (10.3) | 73.1 (11.3) | 80.2 (9.7) | 75.5 (9.6) | 73.2 (9.7) |
| Comorbidities, median (IQR) No. | 1.0 (0-1.0) | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 5.0 (4.0-7.0) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 0 (0-1.0) | 3.0 (2.0-4.0) | 4.0 (3.0-6.0) | 3.0 (2.0-3.0) |
| No. of comorbidities | |||||||||
| 0 | 26 632 (46.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 73 740 (52.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 20 156 (34.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 272 (5.6) | 53 124 (37.6) | 390 (0.8) | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 9874 (17.1) | 3612 (16.0) | 302 (5.7) | 1875 (38.2) | 802 (16.5) | 13 812 (9.8) | 12 911 (25.9) | 1650 (15.4) | 4234 (39.8) |
| 3-4 | 1049 (1.8) | 12 569 (55.6) | 1602 (30.1) | 2412 (49.1) | 2206 (45.5) | 546 (0.4) | 26 206 (52.5) | 3946 (36.9) | 5418 (50.9) |
| ≥5 | 0 | 6408 (28.4) | 3411 (64.2) | 620 (12.6) | 1570 (32.4) | 0 | 10 425 (20.9) | 5101 (47.7) | 995 (9.3) |
| Specific comorbiditiesc | |||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 2139 (3.7) | 6675 (29.5) | 1434 (27.0) | 335 (6.8) | 568 (11.7) | 1990 (1.4) | 9322 (18.7) | 2111 (19.7) | 258 (2.4) |
| Congestive heart failure | 714 (1.2) | 9799 (43.4) | 1872 (35.2) | 498 (10.1) | 887 (18.3) | 2044 (1.4) | 16 261 (32.6) | 2968 (27.7) | 423 (4.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2071 (3.6) | 4833 (21.4) | 1947 (36.6) | 445 (9.1) | 604 (12.5) | 3463 (2.5) | 7247 (14.5) | 2262 (21.1) | 544 (5.1) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7266 (12.6) | 9862 (43.7) | 2070 (38.9) | 584 (11.9) | 1252 (25.8) | 10 250 (7.3) | 19 633 (39.3) | 3868 (36.1) | 2665 (25.0) |
| Cardiac valvular disease | 115 (0.2) | 2097 (9.3) | 309 (5.8) | 110 (2.2) | 181 (3.7) | 296 (0.2) | 4456 (8.9) | 520 (4.9) | 155 (1.5) |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1302 (2.3) | 8854 (39.2) | 1184 (22.3) | 357 (7.3) | 748 (15.4) | 2388 (1.7) | 14 793 (29.6) | 1766 (16.5) | 460 (4.3) |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 2632 (4.6) | 2907 (12.9) | 5146 (96.8) | 621 (12.7) | 779 (16.1) | 3737 (2.6) | 3343 (6.7) | 10 293 (96.2) | 1171 (11.0) |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 210 (0.4) | 66 (0.3) | 4744 (89.3) | 12 (0.2) | 135 (2.8) | 227 (0.2) | 0 | 5862 (54.8) | 6 (0.1) |
| Any malignant neoplasm except skin | 8210 (14.2) | 4997 (22.1) | 1156 (21.7) | 4907 (100) | 1109 (22.9) | 16 896 (12.0) | 7857 (15.7) | 3008 (28.1) | 10 647 (100) |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 188 (0.3) | 175 (0.8) | 186 (3.5) | 3324 (67.7) | 167 (3.4) | 386 (0.3) | 309 (0.6) | 222 (2.1) | 5936 (55.7) |
| Rheumatic or rheumatoid arthritis or collagen vascular diseases | 445 (0.8) | 186 (0.8) | 265 (5.0) | 39 (0.8) | 2390 (49.3) | 5983 (4.2) | 4931 (9.9) | 1039 (9.7) | 794 (7.5) |
| Mild liver disease | 484 (0.8) | 93 (0.4) | 278 (5.2) | 88 (1.8) | 1976 (40.7) | 982 (0.7) | 1706 (3.4) | 552 (5.2) | 356 (3.3) |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 32 (0.1) | 8 (0.03) | 100 (1.9) | 16 (0.3) | 1052 (21.7) | 53 (0.03) | 673 (1.3) | 203 (1.9) | 136 (1.3) |
| Hypertension | 2250 (3.9) | 8779 (38.9) | 2526 (47.5) | 1078 (22.0) | 963 (19.9) | 6167 (4.4) | 21 136 (42.3) | 4734 (44.3) | 1679 (15.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 4789 (8.3) | 7394 (32.7) | 1233 (23.2) | 864 (17.6) | 1191 (24.5) | 10 331 (7.3) | 14 276 (28.6) | 2328 (21.8) | 2168 (20.4) |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 138 (0.2) | 671 (3.0) | 109 (2.1) | 106 (2.2) | 69 (1.4) | 158 (0.1) | 1542 (3.1) | 184 (1.7) | 169 (1.6) |
| Dementia | 3487 (6.0) | 4168 (18.5) | 575 (10.8) | 102 (2.1) | 439 (9.1) | 8326 (5.9) | 10 455 (20.9) | 1146 (10.7) | 388 (3.6) |
| Psychoses | 164 (0.3) | 163 (0.7) | 26 (0.5) | 13 (0.3) | 35 (0.7) | 203 (0.1) | 439 (0.9) | 56 (0.5) | 29 (0.3) |
| Depression | 283 (0.5) | 1487 (6.6) | 219 (4.1) | 87 (1.8) | 278 (5.7) | 397 (0.3) | 5067 (10.1) | 420 (3.9) | 312 (2.9) |
| Paralysis or hemiparaplegia | 344 (0.6) | 340 (1.5) | 94 (1.8) | 97 (2.0) | 66 (1.4) | 402 (0.3) | 423 (0.8) | 86 (0.8) | 141 (1.3) |
| Neurological disorders | 1881 (3.3) | 2108 (9.3) | 265 (5.0) | 105 (2.1) | 344 (7.1) | 2372 (1.7) | 3227 (6.5) | 357 (3.3) | 302 (2.8) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 2197 (3.8) | 3575 (15.8) | 733 (13.8) | 475 (9.7) | 1064 (21.9) | 4307 (3.0) | 7839 (15.7) | 1284 (12.0) | 816 (7.7) |
| Chronic renal disease | 357 (0.6) | 3277 (14.5) | 1362 (25.6) | 377 (7.7) | 386 (8.0) | 428 (0.3) | 3634 (7.3) | 1749 (16.3) | 451 (4.2) |
| Hypothyroidism | 82 (0.1) | 325 (1.4) | 83 (1.6) | 40 (0.8) | 46 (0.9) | 794 (0.6) | 2645 (5.3) | 625 (5.8) | 230 (2.2) |
| Coagulopathy | 46 (0.1) | 257 (1.1) | 51 (1.0) | 62 (1.3) | 112 (2.3) | 108 (0.1) | 407 (0.8) | 96 (0.9) | 70 (0.7) |
| Obesity | 135 (0.2) | 425 (1.9) | 594 (11.2) | 62 (1.3) | 103 (2.1) | 447 (0.3) | 1040 (2.1) | 1223 (11.4) | 319 (3.0) |
| Unintended weight loss | 60 (0.1) | 321 (1.4) | 70 (1.3) | 75 (1.5) | 96 (2.0) | 89 (0.1) | 923 (1.8) | 90 (0.8) | 89 (0.8) |
| Fluid or electrolyte disorders | 634 (1.1) | 3055 (13.5) | 507 (9.5) | 208 (4.2) | 443 (9.1) | 937 (0.7) | 8773 (17.6) | 890 (8.3) | 556 (5.2) |
| Anemia | 118 (0.2) | 974 (4.3) | 175 (3.3) | 106 (2.2) | 213 (4.4) | 285 (0.2) | 2562 (5.1) | 301 (2.8) | 200 (1.9) |
| Alcohol abuse | 215 (0.4) | 72 (0.3) | 117 (2.2) | 24 (0.5) | 1409 (29.1) | 72 (0.1) | 794 (1.6) | 147 (1.4) | 86 (0.8) |
| Drug abuse | 45 (0.1) | 71 (0.3) | 18 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 58 (1.2) | 29 (0.02) | 273 (0.5) | 18 (0.2) | 10 (0.1) |
| HIV/AIDS | 27 (0.05) | 17 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 8 (0.2) | 7 (0.01) | 2 (0.004) | 2 (0.02) | 5 (0.05) |
a
Data are presented as No. (%), unless indicated otherwise.
b
Data were collected for men only.
c
Includes not only chronic diseases that require hospitalization, but also those documented as either secondary diagnoses or at outpatient or emergency visits.