Table 2. Excess Mortality 1 Year After Individual Fracture in Selected Sites by Multimorbidity Clusters.
| Multimorbidity clusters by site | Excess mortality, % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |
| Any fracture | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 5.73 (5.48 to 5.99) | 2.30 (2.17 to 2.43) |
| Cardiovascular | 18.39 (17.79 to 19.00) | 11.35 (11.00 to 11.70) |
| Diabetic | 12.70 (11.69 to 13.76) | 8.87 (8.22 to 9.55) |
| Malignant | 26.15 (24.83 to 27.51) | 15.81 (15.06 to 16.59) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 14.36 (13.27 to 15.51) | NA |
| Hip | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 19.89 (19.06 to 20.75) | 11.17 (10.68 to 11.67) |
| Cardiovascular | 29.79 (28.71 to 30.89) | 19.90 (19.22 to 20.60) |
| Diabetic | 23.17 (20.96 to 25.52) | 17.14 (15.64 to 18.72) |
| Malignant | 40.81 (38.13 to 43.57) | 29.29 (27.47 to 31.18) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 26.50 (23.90 to 29.27) | NA |
| Femur | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 11.64 (9.36 to 14.23) | 10.02 (8.39 to 11.80) |
| Cardiovascular | 26.38 (22.15 to 31.03) | 19.04 (16.29 to 22.04) |
| Diabetic | 27.51 (20.02 to 36.65) | 18.44 (13.57 to 24.35) |
| Malignant | 51.01 (43.15 to 59.27) | 42.02 (36.01 to 48.50) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 15.47 (9.67 to 23.28) | NA |
| Pelvis | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 11.68 (8.79 to 15.03) | 7.81 (6.44 to 9.30) |
| Cardiovascular | 25.91 (21.28 to 31.05) | 15.58 (13.51 to 17.81) |
| Diabetic | 17.48 (9.30 to 29.30) | 15.69 (10.98 to 21.49) |
| Malignant | 42.69 (31.19 to 55.88) | 23.49 (18.28 to 29.60) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 14.23 (6.74 to 25.36) | NA |
| Vertebrae | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 7.32 (6.31 to 8.42) | 4.97 (4.20 to 5.82) |
| Cardiovascular | 19.04 (17.02 to 21.19) | 11.73 (10.36 to 13.20) |
| Diabetic | 16.61 (12.62 to 21.37) | 12.64 (9.65 to 16.18) |
| Malignant | 33.44 (29.13 to 38.11) | 25.82 (22.33 to 29.66) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 20.46 (16.77 to 24.67) | NA |
| Rib | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 3.08 (2.38 to 3.86) | 3.21 (2.11 to 4.50) |
| Cardiovascular | 11.83 (9.94 to 13.93) | 10.50 (8.15 to 13.17) |
| Diabetic | 7.37 (4.57 to 11.04) | 9.70 (5.35 to 15.73) |
| Malignant | 9.79 (6.33 to 14.35) | 15.06 (9.63 to 22.41) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 10.96 (7.61 to 15.23) | NA |
| Clavicle | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 1.27 (0.66 to 1.98) | 1.47 (0.73 to 2.33) |
| Cardiovascular | 11.23 (8.77 to 14.03) | 8.90 (6.78 to 11.33) |
| Diabetic | 6.52 (2.81 to 12.20) | 5.42 (1.86 to 10.96) |
| Malignant | 26.47 (20.80 to 33.12) | 18.60 (14.06 to 24.16) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 14.92 (10.75 to 20.17) | NA |
| Humerus | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 5.12 (4.35 to 5.94) | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.33) |
| Cardiovascular | 15.18 (13.48 to 16.99) | 7.19 (6.34 to 8.09) |
| Diabetic | 11.95 (9.36 to 14.98) | 6.01 (4.70 to 7.52) |
| Malignant | 36.36 (32.47 to 40.51) | 14.72 (12.85 to 16.77) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 10.41 (7.95 to 13.33) | NA |
| Forearm | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | –0.24 (–0.56 to 0.11) | –1.12 (–1.24 to –1.00) |
| Cardiovascular | 5.44 (4.22 to 6.78) | 2.53 (2.02 to 3.07) |
| Diabetic | 3.21 (1.52 to 5.42) | 2.13 (1.25 to 3.16) |
| Malignant | 7.59 (5.43 to 10.21) | 5.88 (4.89 to 6.97) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 5.89 (3.90 to 8.40) | NA |
| Knee | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | –1.21 (–2.05 to 0.4) | –0.85 (–1.38 to –0.13) |
| Cardiovascular | 4.12 (0.82 to 8.81) | 2.02 (0.03 to 4.90) |
| Diabetic | 7.37 (2.13 to 16.68) | 2.17 (0.10 to 5.99) |
| Malignant | 8.92 (3.13 to 19.49) | 6.88 (2.65 to 13.90) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 2.55 (0.30 to 13.19) | NA |
| Lower leg | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | 1.28 (0.74 to 1.90) | 0.87 (0.49 to 1.30) |
| Cardiovascular | 6.17 (4.30 to 8.38) | 6.94 (5.57 to 8.46) |
| Diabetic | 4.15 (2.06 to 7.08) | 5.76 (3.82 to 8.20) |
| Malignant | 8.72 (5.42 to 13.15) | 5.51 (3.43 to 8.29) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 5.90 (3.22 to 9.71) | NA |
| Ankle | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | –0.82 (–1.62 to 0.49) | –0.35 (–0.99 to 0.57) |
| Cardiovascular | 3.02 (0.59 to 6.73) | 8.19 (4.84 to 12.51) |
| Diabetic | 2.51 (0.33 to 10.76) | 4.00 (0.50 to 10.19) |
| Malignant | 3.55 (0.43 to 15.47) | 5.59 (1.41 to 13.81) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 5.00 (0.24 to 21.90) | NA |
| Hand | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | –0.15 (–0.53 to 0.30) | –1.12 (–1.33 to –0.87) |
| Cardiovascular | 2.76 (1.36 to 4.43) | 2.04 (0.96 to 3.31) |
| Diabetic | 4.44 (1.78 to 8.30) | 2.63 (0.92 to 5.01) |
| Malignant | 6.50 (3.81 to 10.12) | 3.13 (1.47 to 5.43) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 4.37 (1.88 to 7.95) | NA |
| Foot | ||
| Low-multimorbidity | –0.70 (–1.03 to –0.27) | –0.65 (–0.89 to –0.37) |
| Cardiovascular | 2.02 (0.41 to 4.17) | 2.45 (1.29 to 3.86) |
| Diabetic | 1.78 (1.01 to 4.52) | 1.73 (0.30 to 3.93) |
| Malignant | 4.29 (1.33 to 9.17) | 5.15 (3.12 to 7.92) |
| Hepatic and/or inflammatory | 3.48 (0.93 to 7.91) | NA |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.