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. 2022 Apr 9;30(10):3133–3154. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs affect tumor progression

miRNAs can bind to the 3′ UTR of target mRNAs to induce gene silencing. lncRNAs can sponge miRNAs to increase target mRNA expression. (A) miR-95, miR-21, miR-221-3p, miR-142, miR-223, miR-125a, and miR-125b, promote tumor progression by binding to target mRNAs and downregulating gene expression. lncRNA LIFR-AS1 acts as a miR-29a sponge to upregulate NFIA. (B) miR-501-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-223, and miR-7 promote tumor cell migration and invasion by targeting the corresponding genes. lncRNA SBF2-AS1 and lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 act as ceRNAs to repress miR-122-5p and miR-26a, respectively, increasing protein expression. (C) miR-501-3p and miR-130b-3p induce tumor angiogenesis by downregulating targeted genes. (D) miR-21, hypoxic miR-223, and lncRNA CRNDE promote chemoresistance by downregulating PTEN. In addition, miR-21 downregulates the STAT3 and PDCD4. miR-365 upregulate cytidine deaminase (CDA) and the triphosphate-nucleotide pool, which is associated with drug resistance in tumors.