Figure 5.

“Practice time effects. (A) Several clusters that were negatively correlated with practice time during the SHIFT phase. The ventromedial PFC cluster that was examined in B and C is circled. (B) Scatter plot of the relationship between practice time and fMRI signal in the ventromedial PFC cluster. Participants with high and low practice time are clearly segregated. (C) Time courses from the ventromedial PFC cluster were extracted, and Hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) were calculated from the onset of the SHIFT phase for each subject. Percent signal change (from mind-wandering, mean ± s.e.m.) over time is plotted for high (n = 5) and low (n = 9) practice participants. The BOLD response is significantly reduced in high practice compared to low practice participants across the modeled time series. *Main effect of group over time by repeated-measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA), p = 0.010.” All sourced directly from Hasenkamp and Barsalou (2012) with slight modification to the caption (changed “MW” to “mind-wandering”). SHIFT represents a shift from mind-wandering to focused attention