Table 3. Physicochemical Properties and Elemental Composition of HTL Oils.
| property | feedstock | first stage | second stage | second stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T = 250 °C | T = 250 and 350 °C | T = 250 and 400 °C | ||
| density at 60 °C (g/cm3) | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.85 |
| heating value (MJ/kg) | 37.3 | 39.7 | 41.6 | 41.9 |
| MCRT (wt %) | 12.1 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 5.6 |
| TAN (mg of KOH/g) | 103.7 | 23.5 | 3.7 | 2.8 |
| H2O content (wt %) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
| Elemental Analysis (wt %, db) | ||||
| carbon | 77.7 | 79.9 | 83.7 | 84.1 |
| hydrogen | 9.7 | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11.0 |
| nitrogen | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| sulfur | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| oxygen (by difference) | 9.6 | 6.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 |