(A) Caco-2 cells were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) at a set MOI for the given length of time or for a constant time with variable MOIs, then whole-cell lysates were prepared and analyzed for HIF by western blot. Uninfected cells and CoCl2-treated cells were used as negative and positive controls for HIF stabilization, respectively.
(B) Expression of HIF-regulated autophagy genes in HeLa cells infected with STm were measured by qPCR. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by t test. Western blot results are representative of at least two separate experiments. qPCR results reflect at least three biological replicates per group.