Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. 2022 Sep 27;40(13):111409. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111409

Figure 5. HIF/Hx promotes clearance of intracellular STm by xenophagy.

Figure 5.

(A) HIF isoforms were knocked down in IECs using lentiviral-delivered shRNA. CoCl2 treatment was used to stabilize HIF for analysis of knockdown efficiency.

(B) Knockdown of HIF isoforms impairs Hx-mediated reduction of intracellular STm. *p < 0.05 by t test.

(C) Intracellular burden of STm in IECs is reduced by either incubation at Hx or treatment with the autophagy activator RAP. Conversely, inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) increases intracellular proliferation of STm. MOI = 10. Results are representative of at least two separate experiments; in the case of STm infection, at least three biological replicates were used per experimental group.