TABLE 1.
The acute effects of prolonged sitting on vascular health biomarkers.
| Outcome measures | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | Population (N) | Artery | Sitting time (h) | %FMD | Shear rate/stress | Other |
| Alansare et al. (2020) | Early middle-aged at risk (25) | >7 | SBP: ↑; DBP: ↑; MAP: ↑; PWV: ↑ | |||
| Ballard et al. (2017) | Young healthy (11) | SFA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | ET-1: ↔ |
| Caldwell et al. (2020) | Young healthy (26) | SFA | 2 | ↔ | ↓ | ET-1: ↔; PWV: ↔ |
| Carter et al. (2017) | Young healthy (10) | BA | ∼1.5 | ↔ | ↔ | |
| Carter et al. (2019) | Young healthy (15) | SFA | 4 | ↔ | ↔ | |
| Cho et al. (2020) | Young healthy (12) | PA - BA | 4 | BA: ↓ | PA: ↔ | |
| Climie et al. (2018) | Late middle-aged at risk (19) | SFA - BA | 5 | SFA: ↓; BA: ↔ | SFA: ↔; BA: ↔ | ET-1: ↔ |
| Credeur et al. (2019) | Young (overweight/obese) (20) | PTA | 3 | ↔ | ↓ | Diameter: ↓; L-FMC: ↔; PWV: ↑ |
| Decker et al. (2021) | Young healthy (26) | CFA | 1.5 | PLM-induced hyperaemia [LBFΔpeak (men: ↓; women: ↓)] | ||
| Evans et al. (2019) | Young healthy (20) | 3 | PWV: ↑; TSI: ↓ | |||
| Garten et al. (2019a) | Young healthy (20) | CFA | 3 | Active: ↔; non-active: ↔ | PLM-induced hyperaemia [∆LBF (Active: ↓; non-active: ↓); LBF AUC (Active: ↓; non-active: ↓)] | |
| Garten et al. (2019b) | Young healthy (10) | CFA | 3 | PLM-induced hyperaemia (∆LBF: ↓; LBF AUC: ↓) | ||
| Hartman et al. (2021) | Elderly at risk (24) | SFA | 3 | ↔ | ||
| Headid et al. (2020) | Young healthy (12) | PA - BA | 2.5 | PA: ↓; BA: ↓ | PWV: ↔; AIx: ↓; TSI: ↓ | |
| Kowalsky et al. (2019) | Late middle-aged at risk (14) | 4 | PWV: ↔ | |||
| Kruse et al. (2018) | Early middle-aged (overweight/obese) (13) | PA | 4 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Liu et al. (2021) | Young healthy (21) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | Blood flow: ↓ |
| McManus et al. (2015) | Young healthy girls (9) | SFA | 3 | ↓ | ↔ | |
| Morishima et al. (2016) | Young healthy (11) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Morishima et al. (2017) | Young healthy (15) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Morishima et al. (2020a) | Young healthy (19) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Morishima et al. (2020b) | Young healthy (19) | PA | 3 | Active: ↔; non-active: ↓ | Active: ↓; non-active: ↓ | |
| O’Brien et al. (2019) | Young healthy (20) | PA | 3 | Men: ↓; women: ↓ | Men: ↓; women: ↓ | L-FMC (men: ↓; women: ↓) |
| O’Brien et al. (2020) | Young healthy (18) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Padilla et al. (2009) | Young healthy (11) | PA | 3 | ↔ | ↓ | |
| Peddie et al. (2021) | Young healthy (18) | PA | 6 | ↔ | ↓ | Blood flow: ↓ |
| Perdomo et al. (2019) | Middle-aged healthy (15) | 0.5 | PWV: ↔ | |||
| Restaino et al. (2015) | Young healthy (11) | PA - BA | 6 | PA: ↓; BA: ↔ | PA: ↓; BA: ↓ | |
| Restaino et al. (2016) | Young healthy (10) | PA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Taylor et al. (2020) | Young at risk (13) | SFA | 3.5 | ↔ | ↔ | |
| Taylor et al. (2021) | Middle-aged/elderly at risk (24) | SFA | 7 | ↔ | ↔ | ET-1: ↓ |
| Thosar et al. (2014) | Young healthy (12) | SFA - BA | 3 | SFA: ↓; BA: ↔ | SFA: ↓; BA: ↔ | |
| Thosar et al. (2015a) | Young healthy (12) | SFA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Thosar et al. (2015b) | Young healthy (11) | SFA | 3 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Tremblay et al. (2019) | Young Healthy (11) | SFA | 0.5 | ↔ | ↓ | PWV: ↔ |
| Vranish et al. (2017) | Young healthy (20) | PA | 3 | Men: ↓; women ↔ | Men: ↓; women ↓ | |
| Vranish et al. (2018) | Young healthy (14) | PA | 0.17 | ↔ | ↓ | |
AIx, augmentation index; AUC, area under the curve; BA, brachial artery; CFA, common femoral artery; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ET-1, endothelin-1; LBF, leg blood flow; L-FMC, low-flow mediated constriction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PA, popliteal artery; PLM, passive leg movement; PTA, posterior tibial artery; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SFA, superficial femoral artery; TSI, tissue saturation index.