TABLE 2.
The effects of short-term inactivity on vascular health biomarkers.
| Outcome measures | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | Population (N) | Artery | Inactivity model (days) | %FMD | Shear rate/stress | Diameter | Other |
| Birk et al. (2013) | Young healthy (13) | BA | Forearm immobilization (8) | ↔ | ↔ | ||
| Bleeker et al. (2005) | Young healthy (16) | SFA - CFA - BA- CCA | Bed rest (52) | SFA: ↑ | SFA: ↓; CFA: ↓; BA: ↓; CCA: ↔ | ||
| Bowden Davies et al. (2021) | Young healthy (28) | BA | Step reduction (14) | ↓ | ↔ | ||
| Boyle et al. (2013) | Young healthy (11) | PA - BA | Step reduction (5) | PA: ↓; BA: ↔ | PA: ↔; BA: ↓ | EMPs: ↑ | |
| Cohen et al. (2021) | Young healthy (31) | SFA | Leg immobilization (14) | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | PWV: ↔ |
| Hamburg et al. (2007) | Young healthy (22) | BA | Bed rest (5) | ↔ | ↓ | ||
| Hyldahl et al. (2021) | Young healthy (21) | CFA | Leg immobilization (10) | ↓ | PLM-induced hyperaemia: ↓; VEGF: ↓; ET-1: ↔ | ||
| Nosova et al. (2014) | Young healthy (5) | SFA - BA | Bed rest (5) | SFA: ↓; BA: ↓ | SFA: ↔; BA: ↔ | SFA: ↔; BA: ↔ | PWV: ↔; AIx: ↑ |
| Rakobowchuk et al. (2011) | Young healthy (15) | PA - CFA - CCA | Leg immobilization (12) | PA: ↑ | PA: ↑; CFA: ↑ | PA: ↓; CFA: ↓; CCA: ↔ | |
| Sugawara et al. (2004) | Young healthy (8) | CFA | Leg immobilization (7) | ↔ | ↓ | IMT: ↔; Vascular conductance: ↓ | |
| Teixeira et al. (2017) | Young healthy (13) | PA | Step reduction (5) | ↓ | ↔ | ||
AIx, augmentation index; BA, brachial artery; CCA, common carotid artery; CFA, common femoral artery; EMPs, endothelial microparticles; ET-1, endothelin-1; IMT, intima-media thickness; PA, popliteal artery; PLM, passive leg movement; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SFA, superficial femoral artery; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.