Table 4.
Changes and between-group comparisons in the individual components of the adapted Fuster-BEWAT score in the low and high SA subgroups
| Intervention | Control | Intervention effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | mean (SD) | N | mean (SD) | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Low SA subgroup | ||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 339 | 114.8 (14.0) | 344 | 112.4 (12.1) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 339 | 115.8 (12.6) | 344 | 115.3 (11.7) | −1.06 (−2.35 to 0.23) | 0.105 |
| Year 3 | 316 | 118.6 (15.0) | 305 | 116.8 (13.6) | −0.32 (−1.88 to 1.25) | 0.692 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 339 | 76.9 (9.8) | 344 | 75.2 (8.4) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 339 | 71.7 (9.0) | 344 | 71.4 (8.2) | −0.91 (−1.78 to −0.05) | 0.039 |
| Year 3 | 316 | 74.7 (10.4) | 305 | 73.8 (9.7) | −0.65 (−1.77 to 0.47) | 0.255 |
| Physical activity (activPAL) (steps/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 326 | 9354 (2674) | 334 | 9456 (2803) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 326 | 10083 (2907) | 334 | 9623 (3077) | 530 (170 to 890) | 0.004 |
| Year 3 | 301 | 10038 (3179) | 284 | 9575 (2988) | 472 (63 to 881) | 0.024 |
| Sedentary time (activPAL) (h/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 326 | 10.6 (1.3) | 334 | 10.4 (1.3) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 326 | 10.3 (1.3) | 334 | 10.4 (1.3) | −0.229 (−0.39 to −0.07) | 0.004 |
| Year 3 | 301 | 10.1 (1.3) | 301 | 10.1 (1.5) | −0.07 (−0.27 to 0.13) | 0.489 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Baseline | 338 | 25.8 (3.4) | 345 | 26.1 (4.0) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 338 | 25.7 (3.5) | 345 | 26.1 (4.1) | −0.09 (−0.26 to 0.09) | 0.333 |
| Year 3 | 314 | 26.0 (3.6) | 307 | 26.3 (4.1) | 0.00 (−0.22 to 0.22) | 0.988 |
| Fruit and Vegetable consumption (servings/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 330 | 3.3 (1.6) | 334 | 3.3 (1.5) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 330 | 3.4 (1.6) | 334 | 3.1 (1.6) | 0.28 (0.09–0.46) | 0.003 |
| Year 3 | 320 | 3.3 (1.6) | 308 | 3.2 (1.5) | 0.08 (−0.106 to 0.265) | 0.400 |
| Smoking (units/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 337 | 1.4 (4.4) | 351 | 1.3 (3.9) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 337 | 1.2 (4.5) | 351 | 1.4 (4.1) | −0.28 (−0.69 to 0.14) | 0.192 |
| Year 3 | 321 | 0.9 (3.9) | 308 | 1.2 (3.7) | −0.31 (−0.70 to 0.08) | 0.113 |
| Original BEWAT Score (0–15) | ||||||
| Baseline | 309 | 10.7 (2.5) | 324 | 10.8 (2.4) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 309 | 11.2 (2.4) | 324 | 10.8 (2.3) | 0.45 (0.20–0.71) | 0.001 |
| Year 3 | 290 | 10.9 (2.5) | 279 | 10.5 (2.5) | 0.30 (0.02–0.58) | 0.038 |
| High SA subgroup | ||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 138 | 117.7 (12.3) | 137 | 116.6 (11.9) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 138 | 118.6 (13.3) | 137 | 119.7 (13.0) | −1.98 (−4.15 to 0.18) | 0.072 |
| Year 3 | 135 | 120.9 (14.2) | 129 | 120.9 (14.2) | −2.09 (−4.42 to 0.24) | 0.079 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 138 | 79.4 (8.4) | 137 | 78.1 (8.0) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 138 | 73.8 (8.7) | 137 | 73.5 (8.8) | −0.63 (−2.15 to 0.90) | 0.421 |
| Year 3 | 135 | 77.1 (9.6) | 129 | 77.4 (9.5) | −1.52 (−3.23 to 0.19) | 0.080 |
| Physical activity (activPAL) (steps/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 133 | 9790 (2890) | 131 | 9438 (3059) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 133 | 10627 (4148) | 131 | 9942 (3294) | 400 (−298 to 1097) | 0.260 |
| Year 3 | 123 | 10179 (3144) | 124 | 10337 (3738) | −355 (−1076 to 367) | 0.334 |
| Sedentary time (activPAL) (h/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 133 | 10.7 (1.3) | 131 | 10.8 (1.1) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 133 | 10.4 (1.4) | 131 | 10.5 (1.3) | −0.14 (−0.41 to 0.13) | 0.307 |
| Year 3 | 123 | 10.2 (1.4) | 124 | 10.2 (1.5) | 0.00 (−0.32 to 0.32) | 0.994 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Baseline | 138 | 27.6 (3.9) | 137 | 26.5 (3.5) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 138 | 27.5 (4.0) | 137 | 26.5 (3.3) | 0.04 (−0.28 to 0.379) | 0.800 |
| Year 3 | 136 | 27.9 (3.9) | 129 | 26.8 (3.6) | 0.27 (−0.06 to 0.60) | 0.114 |
| Fruit and Vegetable consumption (servings/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 132 | 3.2 (1.5) | 133 | 3.2 (1.6) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 132 | 3.2 (1.7) | 133 | 3.1 (1.5) | 0.12 (−0.16 to 0.40) | 0.402 |
| Year 3 | 136 | 3.1 (1.5) | 130 | 3.1 (1.5) | −0.03 (−0.33 to 0.26) | 0.840 |
| Smoking (units/day) | ||||||
| Baseline | 137 | 2.7 (6.5) | 139 | 1.4 (5.1) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 137 | 2.3 (5.2) | 139 | 1.2 (4.2) | 0.35 (−0.40 to 1.09) | 0.359 |
| Year 3 | 136 | 2.0 (4.9) | 130 | 1.5 (5.0) | −0.28 (−0.94 to 0.38) | 0.405 |
| Original BEWAT Score (0–15) | ||||||
| Baseline | 120 | 9.8 (2.5) | 126 | 10.5 (2.5) | – | – |
| Year 1 | 120 | 10.3 (2.3) | 126 | 10.6 (2.4) | 0.23 (−0.17 to 0.63) | 0.264 |
| Year 3 | 120 | 9.8 (2.4) | 123 | 10.2 (2.5) | −0.08 (−0.49 to 0.32) | 0.689 |
For the outcome analysis at Years 1 and 3, estimates were calculated using linear mixed effect regression models.
BEWAT, Blood pressure, Exercise (objectively measured PA and sedentary time), Weight (BMI), Alimentation (fruit and vegetable consumption), and Tobacco; BMI, body mass index; PESA, Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis; SA, subclinical atherosclerosis; TANSNIP, Trans-Atlantic Network to study Stepwise Non-invasive Imaging as a tool for CVD Prognosis and prevention.