Table 5.
Laboratory measurements for all participants
| Intervention | Control | Intervention effect (between-group differences) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | mean (SD) | N | mean (SD) | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Baseline | ||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 464 | 92.4 (11.1) | 469 | 92.0 (14.8) | – | – |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 464 | 188.9 (31.0) | 469 | 189.5 (30.3) | – | – |
| LDL, mg/dL | 461 | 115.4 (27.1) | 466 | 115.5 (26.8) | – | – |
| HDL, mg/dL | 464 | 55.7 (12.8) | 469 | 55.9 (13.2) | – | – |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 464 | 91.6 (53.1) | 469 | 96.3 (71.7) | – | – |
| Year 1 | ||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 464 | 90.7 (13.4) | 469 | 90.1 (13.3) | 0.45 (−0.97 to 1.86) | 0.535 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 464 | 188.0 (31.2) | 469 | 189.5 (33.5) | −1.24 (−4.88 to 2.40) | 0.504 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 461 | 117.2 (26.4) | 466 | 118.0 (28.4) | −0.80 (−3.80 to 2.20) | 0.602 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 464 | 53.3 (13.0) | 469 | 52.7 (12.4) | 0.74 (−0.57 to 2.04) | 0.267 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 464 | 89.5 (51.7) | 469 | 96.9 (63.4) | −5.22 (−11.64 to 1.19) | 0.111 |
| Year 3 | ||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 437 | 88.8 (17.1) | 423 | 87.4 (11.6) | 0.98 (−0.80 to 2.76) | 0.281 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 437 | 196.6 (32.3) | 423 | 200.8 (33.4) | −4.05 (−8.00 to −0.10) | 0.044 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 434 | 122.0 (29.1) | 414 | 125.2 (29.7) | −3.31 (−6.84 to 0.24) | 0.067 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 437 | 54.8 (14.2) | 423 | 54.9 (13.7) | −0.11 (−1.56 to 1.34) | 0.882 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 437 | 100.0 (63.3) | 423 | 107.6 (88.7) | −5.14 (−14.39 to 4.11) | 0.276 |
For the outcome analysis at Years 1 and 3, estimates were calculated using linear mixed effect regression models.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.