TABLE 2.
Neuroendocrine and Inflammatory Markers by Early Life Trauma in People With HIV
| Early Life Trauma | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed, Median (IQR) | Unexposed, Median (IQR) | p | Cohen d | |
| Blood-based markers | ||||
| OT | 1693.9 (436.9) | 1465.1 (508.6) | .039 | 0.57 |
| AVP | 146.3 (75.1) | 168.3 (56.9) | .46 | 0.17 |
| Saliva-based markers | ||||
| Basal afternoon cortisola | 51.4 (29.1) | 46.2 (26.5) | .69 | 0.06 |
| IL-6 | 0.17 (1.1) | 0.21 (1.9) | .75 | 0.05 |
| IL-8 | −0.14 (0.9) | 0.04 (1.3) | .30 | 0.25 |
| IL-1β | 0.30 (1.4) | 0.26 (1.5) | .79 | 0.09 |
| TNF-α | −0.8 (1.4) | −0.8 (2.0) | .53 | 0.15 |
| CRP | −0.2 (1.7) | 0.3 (1.7) | .71 | 0.13 |
| IP-10 | 0.2 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) | .83 | 0.13 |
| MCP-1 | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.4) | .54 | 0.18 |
| MMP-9 | 0.6 (1.2) | 0.2 (1.1) | .87 | 0.37 |
| MIG | −0.0 (0.3) | −0.1 (1.3) | .62 | 0.08 |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Factor scoresb | ||||
| 1: Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6; 31%) | −0.02 (1.0) | 0.02 (0.9) | .89 | 0.03 |
| 2: Myeloid migration (MCP-1, MMP-9; 13%) | −0.15 (1.0) | 0.15 (0.9) | .24 | 0.31 |
| 3: OT/CRP (OT, CRP; 12%) | −0.14 (1.0) | 0.14 (0.9) | .27 | 0.29 |
| 4: Chemokines regulating immune cell trafficking (MIG, IP-10; 10%) | 0.01 (1.0) | −0.1 (0.9) | .91 | 0.03 |
| 5: HPA axis hormones (AVP, cortisol; 8%) | −0.11 (0.9) | 0.11 (1.0) | .38 | 0.23 |
IQR = interquartile range; OT = oxytocin; AVP = arginine vasopressin; IL = interleukin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α; CRP = C-reactive protein; IP-10 = interferon γ–induced protein; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MMP-9 = matrix metalloproteinase-9; MIG = monokine induced by interferon; SD = standard deviation; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal.
Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test used for blood- and saliva-based markers; independent t tests used for factor scores.
a Basal afternoon concentrations computed as area under the curve with respect to ground.
b Scores from the principal components factor analysis (varimax rotation) of the blood- and saliva-based markers listed in this table, and the markers with the strongest factor loading on each factor and the percent of the total variance explained. All inflammatory markers were log transformed and z-scored.