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. 2022 Sep 19;2022:3426407. doi: 10.1155/2022/3426407

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Molecular mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance. Inflammation not only aggravates DNA damage but also affects the expression of DNA repair enzymes, which leads to the instability of tumor genes and further promotes tumor drug resistance. Inflammation can regulate apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells. For example, IL-6, 10, and 22 may inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells by promoting the expression of BCL-2. Interferon and IL-1α/β can act on Beclin and LC3, respectively, to promote autophagy, while IL-6 can promote the binding of Mcl-1 and Beclin-1 to inhibit autophagy. Inflammatory mediators activate oncogenic bypass signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK, C-MET, or PI3K/AKT signaling pathways) leading to tumor resistance.