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. 2022 Oct 12;123(3-4):1269–1284. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-10208-0

Table 4.

Validation process

Index TPM QS OEE OPF ESU Best if
Items B A B A B A B A B A
5 5
R-squared 0.541 0.598 0.665 0.418 > 0.2
Adjusted R-squared 0.538 0.593 0.661 0.411 > 0.2
Composite reliability 0.931 0.930 0.935 0.923 0.938 > 0.7
Cronbach alpha 0.902 0.887 0.907 0.895 0.912 > 0.7
AVE 0.772 0.815 0.782 0.705 0.792 > 0.5
Full collinearity IVF 2.755 2.643 3.409 3.120 1.741 < 5
Q-squared 0.539 0.595 0.664 0.419 > 0.2
Jarque–Bera normality No No No No no

B before validation, A after validation