Table 5.
Quantitative measurements of occurrences of various chromosomal aberrations noticed in Allium cepa root exposed to Fe3O4, cND, and cND-Fe3O4.
| Concentrations (μg mL−1L) | Nanoparticles | Chromosomal breaks (%) | Chromosomal bridges (%) | Sticky chromosomes (%) | Laggard chromosomes (%) | Disturbed anaphase/metaphase (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | — | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
|
| ||||||
| 5 | Fe3O4 | 35.5 ± 2.5 | 41.2 ± 2.8 | 26.7 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.5 |
| cND | 3.2 ± 0.2a | 4.6 ± 0.3a | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 1.3 ± 0.1a | |
| cND-Fe3O4 | 8.5 ± 0.6abc | 14.3 ± 1.0abc | 4.4 ± 0.3abc | 0 ± 0 | 3.7 ± 0.3abc | |
|
| ||||||
| 10 | Fe3O4 | 44.7 ± 3.1 | 57.7 ± 4.0 | 33.7 ± 2.3 | 14.5 ± 1.0 | 13.5 ± 0.9 |
| cND | 5.5 ± 0.4a | 6.6 ± 0.4a | 1.4 ± 0.1a | 1.3 ± 0.1a | 3.5 ± 0.3a | |
| cND-Fe3O4 | 17.3 ± 1.2abc | 21.4 ± 1.5abc | 5.7 ± 0.4abc | 3.5 ± 0.2abc | 6.0 ± 0.4abc | |
|
| ||||||
| 20 | Fe3O4 | 58.8 ± 4.1 | 69.4 ± 4.8 | 47.9 ± 3.3 | 21.4 ± 1.5 | 20.5 ± 1.4 |
| cND | 7.1 ± 0.5ab | 8.5 ± 0.6a | 2.6 ± 0.2a | 4.0 ± 0.3a | 5.3 ± 0.4a | |
| cND-Fe3O4 | 26.4 ± 1.8abc | 27.8 ± 2.0abc | 11.5 ± 0.8abc | 16.6 ± 1.2abc | 9.7 ± 0.7abc | |
(n = 3). The significant variance is shown within the same concentration: aVs. control; bVs.Co; cVs.cND.