Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Overall population (N = 1018) |
Patients with diabetes (N = 280) |
Patients without diabetes (N = 738) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 (54.0–73.0) | 68.0 (59–77) | 61.0 (51–72) | < 0.001 |
| Men, N (%) | 771 (75.7) | 213 (76.1) | 558 (75.6) | 0.878 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 668 (65.7) | 218 (77.9) | 450 (61.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 481 (47.3) | 158 (56.4) | 323 (43.9) | < 0.001 |
| Active smokers, N (%) | 506 (49.7) | 109 (39.1) | 397 (53.9) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity, N (%) | 258 (25.4) | 106 (38.0) | 152 (20.7) | < 0.001 |
| History of CAD, N (%) | 191 (18.8) | 88 (31.4) | 103 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Prior MI, N (%) | 140 (13.8) | 62 (22.1) | 78 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| Prior PCI, N (%) | 129 (12.7) | 61 (21.6) | 68 (9.2) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical presentation, N (%) | ||||
| STEMI | 771 (75.7) | 195 (69.6) | 579 (78.5) | 0.003 |
| NSTEMI | 247 (24.3) | 85 (30.4) | 159 (21.5) | 0.003 |
| LVEF (%), N (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < 35 | 69 (6.9) | 28 (10.1) | 41 (5.7) | |
| 35–45 | 260 (26.0) | 91 (32.7) | 168 (23.4) | |
| 45–55 | 292 (29.3) | 77 (27.7) | 215 (29.9) | |
| > 55 | 377 (37.8) | 82 (29.5) | 295 (41.0) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.3 (13.0-15.5) | 13.8 (12.4–15.3) | 14.5 (13.3–15.6) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 80 (60.0–94.0) | 75.0 (51.3–92.0) | 82.0 (64.0–95.0) | < 0.001 |
| Peak troponin (pg/mL) | 14.0 (3.3–56.2) | 14.4 (2.7–58.3) | 14.0 (3.5–55.4) | 0.997 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 (147–211) | 157 (128–193) | 184 (155–215) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43 (81–135) | 42 (34–49) | 44 (37–54) | 0.002 |
| LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 107 (36–52) | 89 (64–122) | 114 (87–137) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 116 (84–162) | 115 (84–167) | 117 (83–158) | 0.900 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dl) | 10 (10–30) | 10 (10–30) | 20 (10–40) | 0.026 |
| ≤ 10 | 520 (51.1) | 159 (56.8) | 361 (48.9) | 0.025 |
| 11–30 | 260 (25.5) | 70 (25.0) | 190 (25.7) | 0.808 |
| 31–50 | 108 (10.6) | 18 (6.4) | 90 (12.2) | 0.008 |
| 51–70 | 56 (5.5) | 14 (5.0) | 42 (5.7) | 0.666 |
| > 70 | 74 (7.3) | 19 (6.8) | 55 (7.5) | 0.714 |
| SYNTAX Score | 14 (8.0-22.5) | 18.0 (10–26) | 12.0 (7–22) | < 0.001 |
| Multivessel coronary disease, N (%) | 413 (40.6) | 153 (54.6) | 260 (35.2) | 0.001 |
| Treated coronary artery by PCI, N (%) | ||||
| Left main | 15 (1.5) | 8 (2.9) | 7 (1.0) | 0.025 |
| Left anterior descending | 473 (46.5) | 131 (46.8) | 342 (46.3) | 0.899 |
| Left circumflex | 177 (17.4) | 51 (18.2) | 126 (17.1) | 0.668 |
| Right coronary artery | 303 (29.8) | 78 (27.9) | 225 (30.5) | 0.412 |
| CABG | 80 (7.9) | 33 (11.8) | 47 (6.4) | 0.004 |
Continuous normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are expressed as N (%). Continuous non-normally distributed variables are expressed as median (interquartile range). Hyperlipidemia was defined by laboratory data showing LDL-C > 160 mg/dl, HDL-C < 40 mg/dl in men or < 50 mg/dl in women, fasting triglycerides > 150 mg/dl, clinical diagnosis of primary hyperlipidemia, or previous lipid lowering therapy. History of CAD was defined as prior acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization, or established CAD. Obesity was defined by body mass index value ≥ 30 kg/m2
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIMI, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction