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Measuring diaphragmatic thickening using M-mode in the zone of apposition (ZOA) to the rib cage from 8th to 9th intercostal space. (a) Frontal section of the chest wall illustrating the functional anatomy of the diaphragm. A, abdomen; D, diaphragm; T, thoracic cage; US, ultrasound probe; ZOA, zone of apposition. (b) Recording of changes in diaphragm thickening during spontaneous breathing using M-mode tracing. 1, end-inspiration; 2, end-expiration; D, diaphragm.
