Table 2.
Changes in variables according to the three time points.
| Variables | T0 | T1 | T2 | P Valuea | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TEI (mm) | 2.38 | ± | 0.42 | 2.34 | ± | 0.45 | 2.37 | ± | 0.38 | 0.394 | ||||
| TEE (mm) | 1.91 | ± | 0.43 | 1.87 | ± | 0.39 | 1.90 | ± | 0.42 | 0.205 | ||||
| DTF | 0.260 | ± | 0.093 | 0.260 | ± | 0.082 | 0.272 | ± | 0.135 | 0.774 | ||||
| SpO2 (%) | 99.5 | ± | 1.3 | 99.7 | ± | 1.0 | 99.1 | ± | 1.0 | 0.114 | ||||
| EtCO2 (mmHg) | 32.2 | ± | 3.5 | 32.1 | ± | 3.9 | 31.8 | ± | 3.8 | 0.905 | ||||
| RR (bpm) | 19.7 | ± | 4.3 | 18.0 | ± | 3.9 | 15.1 | ± | 3.3*† | <0.001 | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 66 | ± | 10 | 53 | ± | 8* | 54 | ± | 8* | <0.001 | ||||
| MBP (mmHg) | 95 | ± | 11 | 93 | ± | 12 | 79 | ± | 11*† | <0.001 | ||||
| BIS (pts) | 94 | ± | 3 | 60 | ± | 15* | 91 | ± | 6*† | <0.001 | ||||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
T0, before axillary block and dexmedetomidine infusion; T1, 1 min after reaching level 1 on the OAA/S scale after ipsilateral axillary block and dexmedetomidine infusion; T2, 5 min after reaching level 5 on the OAA/S scale in postanesthetic care unit.
TEI, diaphragmatic thickening at end-inspiration; TEE, diaphragmatic at thickening end-expiration; DTF, diaphragmatic thickening fraction; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; EtCO2, end-tidal CO2; RR, respiratory rate; HR, heart rate; MBP, mean blood pressure; BIS, bispectral index.
aP values were results from repeated measures ANOVA.
*P value < 0.05 vs. T0 and †P value < 0.05 vs. T1 with post-hoc Bonferroni test.