Fig. 3. Differences in average-level exploratory behavior (i.e., time spent exploring the barrier), activity (i.e., number of transitions between grid squares), and boldness (i.e., re-emergence latency; axis inverted) between the native Tenterfield source population (grey; n = 30 skinks), and invasive New Zealand skinks from Auckland (red; n = 31), Hamilton (orange; n = 43), Whangarei (light-orange; n = 33), and Edgecumbe (yellow; n = 36).

Boldness scores were inverted so that higher values represent bolder lizards. All behavioral scores are presented in standardized units. For each graph, filled circles represent posterior medians, vertical error bars denote 95% credible intervals, and plot width represents probability density. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.