TABLE 2.

Results of random-effects meta-analyses by control group and stimulus material.

Analysis	Number of studies (k)	Number of subjects (n)	Mean weighted effect size (d*)	95% confidence interval	Z-score (significance of effect size)	I2 (%)
PTSD vs. all controls
overall analysis	47	3,062	−0.50	−∞ to −0.40	−8.405***	54
verbal	36	2,205	−0.47	−∞ to −0.36	−7.075***	50
non-verbal	30	2,039	−0.40	−∞ to −0.26	−4.771***	65
PTSD vs. TC
overall analysis	36	2,172	−0.42	−∞ to −0.31	−6.382***	46
verbal	28	1,607	−0.38	−∞ to −0.27	−5.520***	38
non-verbal	24	1,677	−0.35	−∞ to −0.21	−3.965***	61
PTSD vs. HC
overall analysis	21	1,046	−0.60	−∞ to −0.42	−5.640***	60
verbal	17	728	−0.65	−∞ to −0.45	−5.312***	57
non-verbal	10	388	−0.42	−∞ to −0.05	−1.872*	77

*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001.