Fig. 8.

Evaluation of BBB integrity, pericyte activation, neutrophil infiltration, and neurological recovery by targeting the NET–Dectin-1 axis post-TBI. A Schematic workflow of animal experiments. After constructing the moderate brain impact model, mice were immediately treated with the NET inhibitor Cl-Amidine (50 mg/kg) and the Dectin-1 antagonist Laminarin (25 and 50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection every three days (5 injections). Two weeks later (red points), the treatments were terminated and mice were fed without any interference. B Quantification of Evans Blue in the left hemisphere (4 mice per group at the indicated time point). C Survival rate of each group in the first week after TBI impact with different treatments (n = 6 for Sham, n = 10 for TBI). D Footfault evaluation of TBI mice with administration of indicated drugs at 2 weeks post-injury (n ≥ 5 per group). E Recordings of movement in OFT assessment at 4 weeks after moderate TBI impact with different treatments. F Frequency of crossing the central zone and time spent in the center zone of the OFT (as in E) (n ≥ 5 per group). G FACS analysis of infiltrated neutrophils (CD45⁺CD11b⁺LY6G⁺) from injured brain tissue at 24 h in TBI mice treated with the indicated drugs (n = 4 per group). H Quantification of neutrophils in brain tissue from each group (n = 4). I FACS analysis of CD11b⁺ brain pericytes (CD45^–CD11b⁺CD13⁺) from brain tissue of TBI mice treated with the indicated drugs (n = 4 per group). J Quantification of CD11b⁺ brain pericytes in brain tissue from each group (n = 4). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, and analyzed by ANOVA. The animal numbers and P values of each group are shown in the figures and legends.