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. 2022 Oct 11;3:30. doi: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — The mechanism of gut microbiota increasing the risk of hypertension (created with BioRender.com). Hypertension is diagnosed in adults with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. The dysbiosis and metabolites of gut microbiota can influence the course of hypertension. Abbreviations: SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids; TMAO: trimethylamine N-oxide; BAs: bile acids; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TLRs: Toll like receptors; GPR41: G protein-coupled receptor 41; Olfr78: olfactory receptors 78; HR: heart rate; LDL: low density lipoprotein; ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase. *The regulatory effect of BAs on blood pressure is still controversial, and the figure shows only one possible mechanism