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. 2022 Sep 28;13:975160. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.975160

TABLE 4.

Summary of key correlations between aspects of faith stage/styles and validation scales.

Aspect Stage/Style Factor Positively predicts Negatively predicts
Perspective taking 3 Defended Truth Interpersonal Reactivity Index: Personal Distress Interpersonal Reactivity Index: Perspective Taking, Empathic Concern
4 Understanding Others Narcissism Personality Index Interpersonal Reactivity Index: Perspective Taking, Empathic Concern
5 Open to Family Difference Interpersonal Reactivity Index: Perspective Taking
Social Horizon 3 Ingroup Responsibility and Boundaries Prejudice toward Muslims, Gay People, Atheists
4 Value Difference Identification with All Humanity; Oneness: Spiritual, Physical (sense of oneness with the physical universe)
5 Close to Different Others Identification with All Humanity Prejudice toward Muslims, Gay People
Morality 3 Follow God and Group Moral Foundations: Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity (the foundations endorsed more by conservatives)
4 Order and Stability Moral Foundations: All five foundations
5 Universal Values Moral Foundations: All five foundations, but substantially higher for Harm/Care and Fairness/Responsibility (the foundations endorsed more by liberals)
Locus of Authority 3 Authority in Groups/Leaders Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation; Adult Attachment: Anxiety, Avoidance
4 Authority in Individuals Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation; Adult Attachment: Avoidance
Form of
World
Coherence
3 Groups and Leaders Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Tradition-Oriented Religiousness (focusing on organized religion); Unmitigated Self-Interest (valuing hedonism); Subjective Spirituality (focusing on mysticism and being spiritual); Epistemological Style Inventories: Naïve Realism Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Inequality-Aversion (also referred to as Egalitarianism), Communal Rationalism (dealing with rational human nature and the value of social institutions)
3 Right or Wrong Views Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Unmitigated Self-Interest; Epistemological Style Inventories: Naïve Realism Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Inequality-Aversion and Communal Rationalism, Subjective Spirituality
4 Consistent and Appropriate Beliefs Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Communal Rationalism; Epistemological Style Inventories: Logical Inquiry Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Self-Interest; Epistemological Style Inventories: Skeptical Subjectivism
5 Mystery Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Tradition-Oriented Religiousness, Subjective Spirituality Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Unmitigated Self-Interest
Symbolic
Function
3 Truth and Symbols Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Tradition-Oriented Religiousness, Unmitigated Self-Interest, Subjective Spirituality Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Communal Rationalism, Inequality-Aversion
4/5 Value Symbols Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Tradition-Oriented Religiousness, Subjective Spirituality Survey of Dictionary-Based Isms: Unmitigated Self-Interest

Refer to Supplementary Tables for complete correlation tables including descriptive statistics.