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. 2022 Sep 28;13:944791. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.944791

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Copyright © 2022 Salahi, Parsa, Nourmohammadi, Razmkhah, Salimi, Rahmani, Zivary, Askarzadeh, Tapak, Vaezi, Sadeghsalehi, Yaghoobpoor, Mottahedi, Garousi and Deravi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The schematic illustration of the association between MS and migraine. Migraine is a forecaster of MS. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a compound produced in the body from the tryptophan, is diminished during migraine headaches. 5-HT induces T cell differentiation to Treg cells; therefore, 5-HT deficiency may affect T cell differentiation toward effector T cells. 5-HT deficiencies may also be responsible for increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in the recruitment of more inflammatory immune cells to the CNS.