Fig. 2.

Individuals with COVID positivity are at higher risk of having worsening overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. The percentage of patients with a significant change in OAB symptom score from baseline (January 2020) to the study time (May 2021) on the ICIQ-OAB are compared for the cohorts. The percentage of patients with a significant changes from baseline to 2 mo after infection is also included for the cohort testing positive on PCR, as the time of infection is known for this group. In comparison to the COVID-negative cohort, the odds ratio for COVID-associated cystitis is 2.013 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.294–3.138; p = 0.0015) in the cohort with only serology positivity (asymptomatic COVID) and 3.236 (95% CI 2.548–4.080; p < 0.0001) for the PCR-positive cohort (symptomatic COVID). Pearson’s χ² test was used for statistical analysis. ICIQ-OAB = International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; Ser = serology.