Fig. 3.

COVID-positive patients with (A) baseline diabetes mellitus (DM; p = 0.004), (B) chronic steroid use (SU; p < 0.001), or (C) on immunosuppressive therapy (p < 0.001) were more likely to have an increase in ICIQ-OAB score than those who were COVID⁺ without comorbidities. (D) BMI was positively correlated with symptom severity in the COVID⁺ cohort, and patients with a higher BMI were more likely to develop worse overactive bladder symptoms (r = 0.213). Group sizes are indicated above the bars. BMI = body mass index; ICIQ-OAB = International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-overactive bladder; ImDef = immunodeficient.