TABLE 4.
Current use of ESCC Repositioned Drugs.
| Drug | Standard treatment for ESCC/Clinical trial | Clinical trial remarks | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlotinib | Yes | Limited activity in EC overall but response was observed in ESCC (Only 2/13 participants were ESCC) | Ilson et al. (2011) |
| Promising results if combined with radiotherapy | Zhao et al. (2016) | ||
| Palbociclib | Yes | Not promising result in clinic trials. However, authors claim that the drug could be useful in combination with other drugs | Karasic et al. (2020) |
| Doxorubicin | Yes | Used successfully in combination with other drugs (cisplatin and fluorouracil combination therapy) | Honda et al. (2010) |
| Methotrexate | Yes | Used for palliative care in combination with other drugs | DUSI et al. (2020) |
| Crizotinib | No | — | — |
| Vinblastine | Yes | Phase 2 Clinical Trial - Promising results | Conroy et al. (1996) |
| Gemcitabine | Yes | Phase 1 Clinical Trial - Promising results | Oettle et al. (2002) |
| Daunorubicin | No | — | — |
| Venlafaxine | No | — | — |
| Ethanol | Yes | Used for palliative care. Evidence of use for unresectable in case report with combination with chemotherapy | Wadleigh et al. (2006) |
| Tamoxifen | No | — | — |
| Arsenic trioxide | No | — | — |
| Dasatinib | No | — | — |
| Ixazomib | No | — | — |
| Penicillamine | No | — | — |
| Nefazodone | No | — | — |
| Leflunomide | No | — | — |
| Fulvestrant | No | — | — |
| Azithromycin | No | — | — |
| Hydrocortisone | No | — | — |
| Etanercept | No | — | — |
| Acetaminophen | No | — | — |
| Lapatinib | No | — | — |
| Niacin | No | — | — |
| Anastrozole | No | — | — |