Table 3.
Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of factors associated with LLNM in patients with PTMC.
| Characteristics | LLNM | Multivariate analysis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence (n = 80) | Absence (n = 554) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Score1 | Score2 | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Female | 33 (41.3%) | 117 (21.1%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Male | 47 (58.8%) | 437 (78.9%) | <0.001 | 2.011 (1.162–3.482) | 0.013 | 60 | 35 | ||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||
| ≥55 | 11 (13.8%) | 102 (18.4%) | |||||||||||
| <55 | 69 (86.3%) | 452 (81.6%) | 0.308 | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||
| Normal | 4 (5.0%) | 76 (13.7%) | |||||||||||
| Overweight | 50 (62.5%) | 300 (54.2%) | |||||||||||
| Obesity | 26 (32.5%) | 178 (32.1%) | 0.078 | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | |||||||||||||
| Absence | 72 (90.0%) | 470 (84.8%) | |||||||||||
| Presence | 8 (10.0%) | 84 (15.2%) | 0.220 | ||||||||||
| CLT | |||||||||||||
| Absence | 56 (70.0%) | 355 (64.1%) | |||||||||||
| Presence | 24 (30.0%) | 199 (35.9%) | 0.300 | ||||||||||
| BRAF V600E mutation | |||||||||||||
| Negative | 6 (7.5%) | 67 (12.1%) | |||||||||||
| Positive | 74 (92.5%) | 487 (87.9%) | 0.229 | ||||||||||
| Maximum tumor size | |||||||||||||
| ≤0.5 cm | 7 (8.8%) | 119 (21.5%) | Ref | ||||||||||
| >0.5 to ≤1 cm | 73 (91.3%) | 435 (78.5%) | 0.008 | 1.394 (0.575–3.375) | 0.462 | ||||||||
| The number of foci | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 41 (51.2%) | 394 (71.1%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 2 | 23 (28.7%) | 121 (21.8%) | 2.050 (1.106–3.801) | 0.023 | 56 | 36 | |||||||
| 3 or more | 16 (20.0%) | 39 (7.0%) | <0.001 | 3.581 (1.667–7.693) | 0.001 | 100 | 64 | ||||||
| Bilateral tumors | |||||||||||||
| Absence | 64 (80.0%) | 458 (82.7%) | |||||||||||
| Presence | 16 (20.0%) | 96 (17.3%) | 0.558 | ||||||||||
| Location | |||||||||||||
| Middle/Lower | 27 (33.8%) | 306 (55.2%) | ref | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| Upper | 53 (66.3%) | 248 (44.8%) | <0.001 | 2.623 (1.519–4.530) | 0.001 | 61 | 48 | ||||||
| Nodular composition | |||||||||||||
| Mixed cystic and solid | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.7%) | |||||||||||
| Solid | 80 (100.0%) | 550 (99.3%) | 0.298 | ||||||||||
| Echogenicity | |||||||||||||
| Hyperechoic or isoechoic | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (2.2%) | |||||||||||
| Hypoechoic | 78 (97.5%) | 538 (97.1%) | |||||||||||
| Very hypoechoic | 2 (2.5%) | 4 (0.7%) | 0.084 | ||||||||||
| Shape | |||||||||||||
| A/T ≤1 | 42 (52.5%) | 413 (74.5%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| A/T >1 | 38 (47.5%) | 141 (25.5%) | <0.001 | 2.455 (1.424–4.235) | 0.001 | 69 | 45 | ||||||
| Margin | |||||||||||||
| Smooth | 52 (65.0%) | 383 (69.1%) | |||||||||||
| Lobulated or irregular | 21 (26.3%) | 110 (19.9%) | |||||||||||
| ETE | 7 (8.8%) | 61 (11.0%) | 0.389 | ||||||||||
| Echogenic foci | |||||||||||||
| None/large comet-tail artifacts | 15 (18.8%) | 215 (38.8%) | Ref | ||||||||||
| Macrocalcifications | 10 (12.5%) | 26 (4.7%) | 2.378 (0.764–7.403) | 0.135 | |||||||||
| Peripheral calcifications | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – | – | |||||||||
| Punctate echogenic foci | 55 (68.8%) | 313 (56.5%) | <0.001 | 1.349 (0.691–2.634) | 0.381 | ||||||||
| CLNM | |||||||||||||
| Absence | 13 (16.3%) | 357 (64.4%) | Ref | 0 | |||||||||
| Presence | 67 (83.8%) | 197 (35.6%) | <0.001 | 7.390 (3.903–13.990) | <0.001 | 100 | |||||||
| CLNR | |||||||||||||
| <0.5 | 46 (57.5%) | 483 (87.2%) | Ref | ||||||||||
| ≥0.5 | 34 (42.5%) | 71 (12.8%) | <0.001 | 1.586 (0.869–2.896) | 0.133 | ||||||||
| Largest size of lymph node in LC | |||||||||||||
| ≤2 cm | 63 (78.8%) | 453 (81.8%) | |||||||||||
| >2 cm | 17 (21.3%) | 101 (18.2%) | 0.517 | ||||||||||
LLNM, lateral lymph node metastasis; PTMC, papillary thyroid microcarcinoma; BMI, body mass index; CLT, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; A/T, aspect ratio (height divided by width on transverse views); ETE, extrathyroidal extension; CLNM, central lymph node metastasis; CLNR, central lymph node ratio; LC, lateral compartment; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
The categorical variables were expressed as n (%).
Score1 represents the preoperative score of the preoperative model.
Score2 represents the postoperative score of the postoperative model.