Table 4.
Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of factors associated with LLNM in patients with macro-PTC.
| Characteristics | LLNM | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence (n = 155) | Absence (n = 317) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Score1 | Score2 | |||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 91 (58.7%) | 225 (71.0%) | Ref | ||||||
| Male | 64 (41.3%) | 92 (29.0%) | 0.008 | 1.046 (0.646–1.692) | 0.855 | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| ≥55 | 25 (16.1%) | 58 (18.3%) | |||||||
| <55 | 130 (83.9%) | 259 (81.7%) | 0.561 | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Normal | 6 (3.9%) | 37 (11.7%) | Ref | ||||||
| Overweight | 81 (52.3%) | 161 (50.8%) | 1.902 (0.703–5.147) | 0.205 | |||||
| Obesity | 68 (43.9%) | 119 (37.5%) | 0.018 | 2.465 (0.902–6.738) | 0.079 | ||||
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| Absence | 138 (89.0%) | 284 (89.6%) | |||||||
| Presence | 17 (11.0%) | 33 (10.4%) | 0.853 | ||||||
| CLT | |||||||||
| Presence | 31 (20.0%) | 116 (36.6%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Absence | 124 (80.0%) | 201 (63.4%) | <0.001 | 1.807 (1.080–3.024) | 0.024 | 48 | 45 | ||
| BRAF V600E mutation | |||||||||
| Negative | 23 (14.8%) | 46 (14.5%) | |||||||
| Positive | 132 (85.2%) | 271 (85.5%) | 0.925 | ||||||
| Maximum tumor size | |||||||||
| >1 to ≤2 cm | 77 (49.7%) | 199 (62.8%) | Ref | ||||||
| >2 to ≤4 cm | 67 (43.2%) | 98 (30.9%) | 1.402 (0.871–2.256) | 0.165 | |||||
| ≥4 cm | 11 (7.1%) | 20 (6.3%) | 0.022 | 1.284 (0.514–3.206) | 0.593 | ||||
| The number of foci | |||||||||
| 1 | 76 (49.0%) | 201 (63.4%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 2 | 41 (26.5%) | 83 (26.2%) | 1.027 (0.614–1.720) | 0.918 | 7 | 2 | |||
| 3 or more | 38 (24.5%) | 33 (10.4%) | <0.001 | 2.588 (1.383–4.841) | 0.003 | 70 | 73 | ||
| Bilateral tumors | |||||||||
| Absence | 107 (69.0%) | 233 (73.5%) | |||||||
| Presence | 48 (31.0%) | 84 (26.5%) | 0.310 | ||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| Middle/Lower | 49 (31.6%) | 171 (53.9%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Upper | 106 (68.4%) | 146 (46.1%) | <0.001 | 2.139 (1.360–3.365) | 0.001 | 56 | 58 | ||
| Nodular composition | |||||||||
| Mixed cystic and solid | 2 (1.3%) | 4 (1.3%) | |||||||
| Solid | 153 (98.7%) | 313 (98.7%) | 0.979 | ||||||
| Echogenicity | |||||||||
| Hyperechoic or isoechoic | 4 (2.6%) | 17 (5.4%) | |||||||
| Hypoechoic | 147 (94.8%) | 294 (92.7%) | |||||||
| Very hypoechoic | 4 (2.6%) | 6 (1.9%) | 0.322 | ||||||
| Shape | |||||||||
| A/T ≤1 | 90 (58.1%) | 165 (52.1%) | |||||||
| A/T >1 | 65 (41.9%) | 152 (47.9%) | 0.218 | ||||||
| Margin | |||||||||
| Smooth | 38 (24.5%) | 173 (54.6%) | Ref | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Lobulated or irregular | 63 (40.6%) | 95 (30.0%) | 2.378 (1.410–4.009) | 0.001 | 76 | 66 | |||
| ETE | 54 (34.8%) | 49 (15.5%) | <0.001 | 3.691 (2.081–6.549) | <0.001 | 100 | 100 | ||
| Echogenic foci | |||||||||
| None/large comet-tail artifacts | 21 (13.5%) | 68 (21.5%) | |||||||
| Macrocalcifications | 14 (9.0%) | 17 (5.4%) | |||||||
| Peripheral calcifications | 2 (1.3%) | 6 (1.9%) | |||||||
| Punctate echogenic foci | 118 (76.1%) | 226 (71.3%) | 0.100 | ||||||
| CLNM | |||||||||
| Absence | 13 (8.4%) | 110 (34.7%) | Ref | 0 | |||||
| Presence | 142 (91.6%) | 207 (65.3%) | <0.001 | 2.621 (1.273–5.398) | 0.009 | 74 | |||
| CLNR | |||||||||
| <0.5 | 52 (33.5%) | 219 (69.1%) | Ref | 0 | |||||
| ≥0.5 | 103 (66.5%) | 98 (30.9%) | <0.001 | 2.359 (1.439–3.866) | 0.001 | 66 | |||
| Largest size of lymph node in LC | |||||||||
| ≤2 cm | 127 (81.9%) | 270 (85.2%) | |||||||
| >2 cm | 28 (18.1%) | 47 (14.8%) | 0.366 | ||||||
LLNM, lateral lymph node metastasis; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; BMI, body mass index; CLT, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; A/T, aspect ratio (height divided by width on transverse views); ETE, extrathyroidal extension; CLNM, central lymph node metastasis; CLNR, central lymph node ratio; LC, lateral compartment; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
The categorical variables were expressed as n (%).
Score1 represents the preoperative score of the preoperative model.
Score2 represents the postoperative score of the postoperative model.