Table 2.
Patient characteristics in patients with no/mild OD severity vs. moderate or severe OD according to the DSS (n = 40).
| DSS no/mild (n = 12) | DSS moderate/severe (n = 28) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
| Gender | |||
| • Female | 3 (25.0) | 7 (25.0) | 1.000 |
| • Male | 9 (75.0) | 21 (75.0) | |
| Age (years) [mean (±SD)] | 69.5 (±7.7) | 68.8 (±9.1) | 0.814 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) [mean (±SD)] |
27.8 (±5.1) | 26.6 (±3.6) | 0.398 |
| Body Mass Index Categories | |||
| • < 18.5 kg/m2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0.614 |
| • 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 4 (33.3) | 11 (42.3) | |
| • 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 3 (25.0) | 9 (34.6) | |
| • ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 5 (41.7) | 6 (23.1) | |
| • Missing value | 0 | 2 | |
| Medical history | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
| Recurrent stroke | |||
| • None | 9 (75.0) | 20 (71.4) | 1.000 |
| • One | 3 (25.0) | 5 (17.9) | |
| • Two | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.1) | |
| • Three | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| • Four | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Time (months) since last stroke event [mean (±SD)] | 62.6 (±63.2) | 30.6 (±44.7) | 0.086 |
| • Missing value | 1 | 1 | |
| Time since last stroke event | |||
| • ≤ 24 months | 4 (36.4) | 17 (63.0) | 0.167 |
| • >24 months | 7 (63.6) | 10 (37.0) | |
| • Missing value | 1 | 1 | |
| Speech-and-language therapy | |||
| • No | 7 (58.3) | 8 (28.6) | 0.091 |
| • Yes | 5 (41.7) | 20 (71.4) | |
| Primary objectives | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
| Unintended weight loss >6 kg | |||
| • No | 6 (60.0) | 20 (74.1) | 0.442 |
| • Yes | 4 (40.0) | 7 (25.9) | |
| • Missing value | 2 | 1 | |
| Unintended weight loss >3 kg | |||
| • No | 7 (70.0) | 23 (85.2) | 0.360 |
| • Yes | 3 (30.0) | 4 (14.8) | |
| • Missing value | 2 | 1 | |
| Decreased appetite | |||
| • No | 6 (60.0) | 20 (74.1) | 0.442 |
| • Yes | 4 (40.0) | 7 (25.9) | |
| • Missing value | 2 | 1 | |
| Oral nutritional supplement or tube feeding | |||
| • No | 7 (70.0) | 18 (66.7) | 1.000 |
| • Yes | 3 (30.0) | 9 (33.3) | |
| • Missing value | 2 | 1 | |
| Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) | |||
| • Low | 6 (54.5) | 16 (57.1) | 1.000 |
| • Moderate | 1 (9.1) | 2 (7.1) | |
| • High | 4 (36.4) | 10 (35.7) | |
| • Missing value | 1 | 0 | |
| Exploratory objectives | n (%) | n (%) | p-value |
| Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) | |||
| • FOIS 1 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | 0.031* |
| • FOIS 2 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | |
| • FOIS 3 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| • FOIS 4 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | |
| • FOIS 5 | 1 (9.1) | 12 (44.4) | |
| • FOIS 6 | 5 (45.5) | 2 (7.4) | |
| • FOIS 7 | 5 (45.5) | 8 (29.6) | |
| • Missing value | 1 | 1 | |
| Median (25th−75 th percentile) | Median (25th−75 th percentile) | p-value | |
| MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) | |||
| • Total | 78.0 (51.5–87.5) | 58.0 (53.0–71.0) | 0.441 |
| • Missing value | 3 | 1 | |
| • Global | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.182a |
| • Missing value | 1 | 1 | |
| • Functional | 21.0 (17.0–25.0) | 16.5 (14.0–19.8) | 0.133 |
| • Missing value | 2 | 0 | |
| • Physical | 24.5 (16.5–31.8) | 23.5 (19.5–27.8) | 0.730 |
| • Missing value | 0 | 0 | |
| • Emotional | 22.0 (15.0–24.0) | 19.0 (15.3–20.8) | 0.310 |
| • Missing value | 1 | 0 |
a Whitney U–test.
*p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001.