Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| COVID-19 ECMO patients (n = 31) | COVID-19 ECMO survivors (n = 19) | COVID-19 ECMO non-survivors (n = 12) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 56.03 ± 10.40 | 53.32 ± 10.82 | 60.33 ± 8.40 | 0.09 |
| Age categories: | ||||
| <50 | 10 (32.3%) | 8 (42.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.23 |
| 51–60 | 9 (29.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| 61–70 | 11 (35.5%) | 5 (26.3%) | 6 (50.0%) | |
| >71 | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
| Gender (males/females) | 23 (67.6%)/8 (23.5%) | 14 (73.68%)/5 (26.32%) | 9 (75%)/3 (25%) | 0.93 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.43 ± 8.71 | 32.73 ± 9.57 | 31.96 ± 7.53 | 0.98 |
| BMI categoires: | ||||
| Normal and overweight (18.50–29.99) | 17 (54.8%) | 10 (52.6%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.92 |
| Moderate obesity (30.00–39.99) | 9 (29.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| Severe obesity (>40) | 5 (16.2%) | 3 (15.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Date of inclusion | 0.06 | |||
| Wave 1 (March 2020 - August 2020) | 3 (9.7%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.92 |
| Wave 2 (September 2020 -December 2020) | 9 (29.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| Wave 3 (January 2021 - April 2021) | 10 (32.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 7 (58.3%) | |
| Wave 4 (May 2021 - October 2021) | 9 (29.0%) | 7 (36.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Scoring systems | ||||
| SOFA score at admission | 4.03 ± 2.67 | 4.06 ± 3.02 | 4.08 ± 2.31 | 0.67 |
| Rockwood clinical frailty index | 2.06 ± 1.12 | 2.00 ± 1.29 | 2.17 ± 0.83 | 0.66 |
| Apache II | 10.23 ± 5.05 | 10.16 ± 5.50 | 10.33 ± 4.48 | 0.93 |
| Apache IV | 37.90 ± 19.20 | 36.68 ± 15.56 | 39.83 ± 17.66 | 0.62 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.77 ± 0.88 | 1.68 ± 0.89 | 1.92 ± 0.90 | 0.48 |
| Admission parameters | ||||
| PaO2 At admission | 65.97 ± 18.10 | 67.42 ± 13.92 | 63.67 ± 23.81 | 0.53 |
| PaCO2 At admission | 40.84 ± 13.78 | 42.95 ± 15.64 | 37.50 ± 9.89 | 0.27 |
| pH at admission | 7.42 ± 0.10 | 7.39 ± 0.12 | 7.45 ± 0.05 | 0.34 |
| SaO2 at admission | 91.19 ± 5.76 | 92.05 ± 4.22 | 89.93 ± 7.26 | 0.73 |
| Lactate at admission | 1.63 ± 0.65 | 1.47 ± 0.53 | 1.87 ± 0.77 | 0.09 |
| P/F ratio at admission | 88.78 ± 55.85 | 85.82 ± 60.67 | 93.49 ± 49.44 | 0.44 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Smoking (no/yes/ex) | 27 (87.1%)/1 (3.2%)/3 (9.7%) | 19 (100%)/0 (0%)/0 (0%) | 8 (66.7%)/1 (8.3%)/3 (9.7%) | 0.02 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 (12.9%) | 3 (15.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.55 |
| Hypertension | 10 (29.4%) | 4 (21.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.90 |
| Diabetes | 4 (12.9%) | 3 (15.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.55 |
| Respiratory disease | 3 (9.6%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.15 |
| Malignancy | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.25 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Chronic bowel disease | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.20 |
| Chronic nervous disease | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (16.2%) | 4 (21.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.35 |
| HIV/AIDS | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Hematological disease | 1 (3.2%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.42 |
| Rheumatological disease | 3 (9.6%) | 2 (10.5%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.84 |
| Dementia | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Obesity | 14 (45.2%) | 8 (42.1%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.67 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as frequencies. A p-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.