Table 2.
Progress, complications and outcomes.
| COVID-19 ECMO patients (n=31) | COVID-19 ECMO survivors (n=19) | COVID-19 ECMO non-survivors (n=12) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progress | ||||
| ECMO signals: | 0.04 | |||
| No signal | 6 (19.4%) | 5 (27.8%) | 1 (8.4%) | 0.20 |
| pF ratio <80 mmHg | 11 (35.5%) | 8 (42.1%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.33 |
| pH <7.25 | 4 (12.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | <0.01 |
| No information (externally placed) | 10 (32.2%) | 6 (31.2%) | 4 (33.3%) | |
| ECMO (early/late) | 13 (41.9%)/18 (58.1%) | 9 (47.4%)/10 (52.6%) | 4 (33.3%)/8 (66.7%) | 0.44 |
| P/F ratio during ICU stay | 85.82 ± 56.78 | 81.02 ± 61.88 | 93.41 ± 49.23 | 0.21 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 31 (100.0%) | 19 (100%) | 12 (100%) | |
| Number of days | 31.37 ± 25.57 | 34.44 ± 28.61 | 26.75 ± 20.48 | 0.49 |
| Prone ventilation | 31 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 12 (100%) | 1.00 |
| Neuromuscular blocker before ECMO | 26 (100%) (n=26) | 17 (100%) (n=17) | 9 (100%) (n=9) | 1.00 |
| Vasopression | 30 (96.77%) | 18 (94.7%) | 12 (100%) | 0.42 |
| Highest SOFA score | 11.81 ± 2.09 | 11.03 ± 2.30 | 12.67 ± 1.50 | 0.09 |
| Complications | ||||
| CVA/Stroke | 3 (9.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.02 |
| Major bleeding | 22 (71.0%) | 10 (54.5%) | 12 (100%) | <0.01 |
| Catheter dislocation | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| HIT | 2 (6.5%) | 1 (5.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.73 |
| Acute kidney failure | 9 (29.03%) | 3 (15.79%) | 6 (50.00%) | 0.04 |
| CRRT during ECMO | 7 (22.6%) | 1 (5.3%) | 6 (50%) | <0.01 |
| Acute heart failure | 11 (35.18%) | 7 (36.80%) | 4 (33.33%) | 0.84 |
| Sepsis | 29 (93.55%) | 17 (89.50% | 12 (100%) | 0.25 |
| Thromboembolism | 18 (58.06%) | 10 (52.60%) | 8 (66.70%) | 0.48 |
| DVT | 17 (54.84%) | 9 (47.40%) | 8 (66.7%) | |
| Lung | 1 (3.20%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of ECMO (days) | 18.43 17.35 | 17.17 ± 14.78 | 20.33 ± 21.19 | 0.92 |
| Duration of ECMO ≥28 days | 8 (25.8%) | 5 (27.8%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.86 |
| LOS before ICU (days) | 4.65 ± 6.14 | 4.42 ± 7.08 | 5.00 ± 4.53 | 0.28 |
| LOS ICU (days) | 41.03 ± 29.74 | 49.83 ± 31.74 | 30.50 ± 22.67 | 0.09 |
| LOS total (days) | 46.27 ± 31.32 | 60.94 ± 33.7 | 35.50 ± 22.62 | 0.01 |
| ICU mortality | 12 (38.71%) | |||
| 90-days mortality | 13 (41.93%) | |||
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as frequencies. A p-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.